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Step 1 Review > Micro 3 High Yield > Flashcards

Micro 3 High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Which parasite causes:

biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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2
Q

Which parasite causes:

Brain cysts and seizures

A

Taenia solium

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3
Q

Which parasite causes:

hematuria, SCC of the bladder

A

Schistosoma haematombium

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4
Q

Which parasite causes:

Liver (hydatid) cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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5
Q

Which parasite causes:

Microcytic anemia

A

Ancylostoma, necator

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6
Q

Which parasite causes:

Periorbital edema and myalgias

A

Trichinella spiralis

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7
Q

Which parasite causes:

Perianal prurtitis

A

Enterobius

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8
Q

Which parasite causes:

Portal hypertension

A

Schistosoma mansoni, Shistosoma japonicum

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9
Q

Which parasite causes:

Vitamin B12 deficeincy

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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10
Q

How is schistosoma contracted?

A

skin penetratoin

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11
Q

Which viral vaccines are live attenuated? (8)

A 
Smallpox
Yellowfever
Rotavirus
VZV
Sabin polio virus
MMR
Influenza (intranasal)
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12
Q

What viral vaccines are killed? (4)

A

Rabies
Influenza (injected)
Salk polio
HAV vaccine

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13
Q

What viral vaccines are subunit vaccines? (2)

A

HBV

HPV

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14
Q

Which DNA virus has a ssDNA?

A

Parvoviridae (B19 virus)

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15
Q

Which RNA virus has a dsRNA genome?

A

Reoviridae

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16
Q

What are the (+)ssRNA viruses? (8)

A 
Retrovirus
Togavirus
Flavivirus
Coronavirus
Hipevirus
Calicivirus
Picornavirus
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17
Q

Which DNA virus DOES NOT replicate in the nucleus?

A

Poxvirus

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18
Q

Which RNA viruses DO NOT replicate in the cytoplams?

A

Influenza virus

retrovirus

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19
Q

What are the NAKED DNA viruses?

A

PAPP

Papillomavirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus, Polyomacirus

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20
Q

What are the NAKED RNA viruses?

A

CPR Hep

Calcicivirus
Picornavirus
Reovirus
Hepevirus

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21
Q

Which DNA viruses have circular genomes?

A

Papilloma, polyoma, hepadna (hep B)

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22
Q

Are herpesviruses naked or enveloped?

A

Enveloped

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23
Q

Virus that causes keratoconjunctivitis?

A

HSV-1

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24
Q

Which virus has owel eye inclusions?

A

CMV

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25
Q

Which viruses show multinucleated giant cells on Tzank smear?

A

HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV

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26
Q

Which virus is heterophile (+)?

A

EBV

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27
Q

What type of virus is HBV?

A

Hepadnavirus

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28
Q

“aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, ‘slapped cheeks’ rash in children”

A

Parvovirus B19

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29
Q

What are the two polyomaviruses?

A

JC virus–> PML

BK virus–> targets kidney (posttransplant)

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30
Q

“flesh- colored papule with central umbilication”

A

Mollusicumm contagiosum (poxvirus)

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31
Q

Most common viral cause of temporal lobe encephalitis?

A

HSV-1

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32
Q

What are 2 complications of VZV?

A

Shingles

Post-herpatic neuralgia

33
Q

What types of cells does EBV infect?

A

B cells (CD19+)

34
Q

What are the atypical lymphyctes seen in EBV?

A

Reactive cytotoxic T cells

35
Q

What is the monospot test?

A

Heterophile antibodies deteted by aggultination of sheep or horse RBCs

36
Q

“High fever for several days that can cause seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash”

A

HHV-6/ HHV-7 (Roseola)

37
Q

Which RNA viruses are segmented?

A

Reoviris
Orthomyxovirus
Arenavirus
Bunyavirus

38
Q

What is the capsid symmetry of (+)ssRNA viruses?

A

Icosahedral

39
Q

Which hepatitis virus is a picornavirus?

A

HepA

40
Q

Which hepatitis virus is a hepevirus?

A

HEV

41
Q

Which virus is a calcivirus?

A

Norovirus

42
Q

Name the 5 picornaviruses?

A

PERCH

Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
HAV
43
Q

Which hepatitis virus is a flavivirus?

A

HCV

44
Q

Family of rubella?

A

Togavirus

45
Q

Which viruses have 2 copes of the genome?

A

retroviruses

46
Q

What type of virus is hantavirus?

A

Bunyavirus

47
Q

What type of virus are ebola/ marburg viruses?

A

Filoviruses

48
Q

How are picornaviruses contracted?

A

Fecal- oral

49
Q

Which picornavirus is acid labile?

A

Rhinovirus (destroyed by stomach acid)

50
Q

What are the symptoms of yellow fever virus?

A

High fever, black vomitus, and jaundice

51
Q

How does rotavirus cause disease?

A

billod destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of Na and loss of K

52
Q

What particle promotes influenza virus entry to cells?

A

Hemagglutinin

53
Q

What particle allows for influenza progeny release?

A

Neuraminidase

54
Q

What causes genetic shift?

A

reassortment

55
Q

What causes genetic drift?

A

minor mutations

56
Q

Where does rubella rash start?

A

Forehead

57
Q

What do paramyxoviruses have that causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form mltinucleated cells?

A

F (fusion) protein

58
Q

What are 2 symptoms of severe croup?

A

1- Pulsus paradoxus

2- upper airway obstruction

59
Q

Where does measles virus begin?

A

Behind the ears?

60
Q

What are 3 possible complications of Measles?

A

1- SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

2- Encephalitis

3- Giant cell penumonia

61
Q

What vitamin can reduce measles mortality in malnourished or vitamin deficient patients?

A

Vit A

62
Q

What are the 3 common symptoms of mumps?

A

1- Parotid
2- Orchitis
3- Aseptic meningitis

63
Q

Bullet shaped virus associated with Negri bodies found in purkinje cells of cerebellum and hippocampus?

A

Rabies

64
Q

Which heoatitis viruses have an increased risk of HCC?

A

HBV, HCV, HDV

65
Q

Which is more likely to become chronic…HBV or HCV?

A

HCV

66
Q

What antibody indicates immunity to HBV?

A

Anti-HBs

67
Q

What might be the sole positive marker of infection during the window period of HBV?

A

Anti- HBc (IgM)

68
Q

What HBV associated particle indicates high transmissiblity and active viral replication?

A

HBeAg

69
Q

What HBV associated particle indicates low transmissibility?

A

Anti- HBe

70
Q

What does HIV env encode?

A

gp120–> attachment to host CD4+ T cells

gp41–> fusion and entry

71
Q

What does HIV gag encode for?

A

capsid protein

72
Q

What does HIV pol endode for?

A

reverse transcriptase, aspartate prootease, and integrase

73
Q

Coreceptor for HIV early and late?

A

Early- CCR5

Late- CXCR4

74
Q

How is HIV diagnosed?

A

1- ELISA

then

2- Weternblot

75
Q

AIDS defining illnesses at what CD4 count?

A
76
Q

Immunocompromised with AIDS at what CD4 count?

A
77
Q

What are the AIDS diseases seen at CD4

A

Candida albicans (oral thrush)

EBV (oral hairy leukoplaki)

Bartonella henselae

HHV-8

Cryptosporidium (chronic watery diarrhea)

HPV (SCC of anus or cervix)

78
Q

What are the AIDS diseases seen at CD4

A

Toxoplasma gondii (brain abscess)

HIV dementia

JC virus (PML)

Pneumocystis jirovecii (“ground glass opacities”)

79
Q

What are the AIDS diseases seen at CD4

A

Aspergillus fumigatus (hemopytsis, pleurtic pain)

Cryptococcus (meningitis)

Candida albicans (esophagitis)

CMV (retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitis)

Histoplasma capsulatum

Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare

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