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Step 1 Review > Hem/ Onc Pharm High Yield > Flashcards

Hem/ Onc Pharm High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antidote for heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

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2
Q

What causes HIT during heparin dosing?

A

Antibodies to heparin complex

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3
Q

Does LMWH favor IIa or Xa inhibition?

A

Xa

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4
Q

Mechanism of argatroban?

A

IIa inhibitor

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5
Q

Mechanism of bivalirudin?

A

IIa inhibitor

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6
Q

Mechanism of dabigatran?

A

IIa inhibitor

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7
Q

Which is used in pregnancy…warfarin or heparin?

A

heparin

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8
Q

Rapid reversal of warfarin?

A

FFP

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9
Q

Which has shorter half life…protein C/S or Factor II, VII, IX, X?

A

Protein C/S

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10
Q

Mechanism of Apixaban?

A

Direct Xa inhibitor

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11
Q

Mechanism of rivaroxaban?

A

direct factor Xa inhibitor

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12
Q

Mechanism of alteplase, reteplase, streptokinase and tenecteplase?

A

directly or indirectly aid conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

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13
Q

How does aspirin irreversibly inhibit COX?

A

Covalent acetylation

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14
Q

T/F: the affect of aspirin lasts until new platelets can be made

A

true

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15
Q

Mechanism of clopidogrel?

A

ADP receptor inhibitor

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16
Q

Mechanism of ticagrelor?

A

ADP receptor inhibitor

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17
Q

Mechanism of ticlopidine?

A

ADP receptor inhibitor

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18
Q

Major AE of clopidogrel and ticagrelor and ticlopidine?

A

Neutropenia and TTP

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19
Q

Mechanism of cilostazol?

A

PDE III inhibitor–> increase cAMP in platelets–> no platelet aggregation

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20
Q

Mechanism of dipyridamole?

A

PDE III inhibitor–> increase cAMP in platelets–> no platelet aggregation

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21
Q

Mechanism of Abiximab?

A

Bind to GpIIb/IIIa on activated platelets to prevent aggregation

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22
Q

Mechanism of eptifibatide?

A

Bind to GpIIb/IIIa on activated platelets to prevent aggregation

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23
Q

Mechanism of eptifibatide?

A

Bind to GpIIb/IIIa on activated platelets to prevent aggregation

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24
Q

When part of the cell cycle does bleomycin act during?

A

G2

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25
Q

When does Paclitaxel work?

A

M

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26
Q

When does 5-FU work?

A

S

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27
Q

When does 6-MP work?

A

S

28
Q

When do carumsine and lomustine work?

A

G1/ G0

29
Q

When do etoposide and teniposide work?

A

S and G2

30
Q

Which 2 antineoplastic agents decrease thymidine synthesis?

A

Methotrexate and 5FU

31
Q

Which antineoplastic agent decreases the synthesis of purines?

A

6-MP

32
Q

Which antineoplastic agent inhibits ribonucleotide reductase?

A

hydroxyurea

33
Q

Which antineoplastic agent breaks DNA strands?

A

Bleomycin

34
Q

Which antineoplastic agents are DNA intercalators?

A

Dactinomycin and doxorubicin

35
Q

Which antineoplastic agent inhibits top II?

A

etoposide/ tenoposide

36
Q

Which antineoplastic agent inhibits top i?

A

irinotecan

37
Q

What enzyme activates 6MP?

A

HPGRT

38
Q

What is a prodrug of 6PM?

A

azathioprine

39
Q

What is cladribine?

A

Purine analog used to treat hairy cell leukemia

40
Q

What can increase the toxicity of 6MP?

A

allopurinol (because XO is inhibited)

41
Q

What is cytarabine?

A

pyrimidine analog–> inhibit DNA polymerase

42
Q

What enzyme does methotrexate inhibit?

A

dihydrofolate reductase

43
Q

Major AEs of methotrexate?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity

44
Q

Major AE of bleomycin?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

45
Q

Major AE of doxorubicin?

A

cardiotoxicity (prevent with dexrazoxane)

46
Q

Tx for Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma and rhabdo?

A

Dactinomycin

47
Q

Mechanism of busulfan?

A

cross links DNA

48
Q

What is busulfan used to treat?

A

CML (ablates bone marrow)

49
Q

Mechanism of cyclophosphamide?

A

cross link DNA

50
Q

What s a major AE of cyclophosphamide?

A

hemorrhagic cystitis (prevent with mesna)

51
Q

Which alkylating agents can cross the BBB?

A

Carmustine , limustine

52
Q

Which stabelizes MTs?

A

Paclitaxel

53
Q

Which inhibits polymerization of MTs?

A

vincristine and vinblastine

54
Q

Major AE of cisplatin?

A

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

55
Q

Which glucocorticoid is used in cancer chemo?

A

prednisone

56
Q

Mechanism of bevacizumab?

A

Monoclonal antibody against VEGF, inhibits angiogenesis

57
Q

What is bevacizumab used for?

A

RCC and colorectal cancer

58
Q

Mechanism of Erlotinib?

A

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor

59
Q

What is erlotinib used for?

A

Nonsmall cell lung cancer

60
Q

Mechanism of imatinib?

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR- ABL and c-kit

61
Q

What is imatinib used for?

A

CML

62
Q

Mechanism of rituximab?

A

monoclonal antibody against CD20

63
Q

What is rituximab used for?

A

CLL, non hodgkin lymphoma

64
Q

Mechanism of trastuzumab?

A

antibody against HER2 (a tyrosine kinase receptor)

65
Q

AE of trastuzumab?

A

Cardiotoxicity

Step 1 Review (62 decks)

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