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Step 1 Review > Dermatology High Yield > Flashcards

Dermatology High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layer os the epidermis from surface to base?

A

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

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2
Q

“felt connecting ACTIN cytoskeletos of adjacent cells with Cadherins”

A

Tight junctions/ Zonula aderins

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3
Q

“structural support via KERATIN interactions”

A

Desmosome/ Macula adherens

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4
Q

“channel proteins called connexons permit electrical and chemical communication between cells”

A

gap junction

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5
Q

“connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membranes”

A

Hemidesmosomes

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6
Q

What cell junction is targeted in Bullous pemphigoides?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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7
Q

What cell junction is targeted in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Desmosome

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8
Q

“prevents paracellular movement of solutes; composed of claudins and occludins”

A

tight junctions

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9
Q

“flat lesion with well circumscribed change in skin color”

A

macule

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10
Q

“macule

A

Patch

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11
Q

“elevated solid skin lesion

A

papule

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12
Q

“papule

A

plaque

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13
Q

“small fluid containing blister

A

vesicle

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14
Q

“large fluid containing blister >1cm”

A

bulla

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15
Q

“vesicles containing pus”

A

pustule

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16
Q

“transient smooth papule or plaque”

A

Hives

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17
Q

“flaking off of stratum corneum”

A

Scale–> eczema, psoriasis, SCC

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18
Q

“dry exudate”

A

crust

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19
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

increased thickness of stratum corneum

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20
Q

What is parakeratosis?

A

hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in statum corneum

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21
Q

What is spongiosis?

A

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces

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22
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

separation of epidermal cells

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23
Q

What is Acanthosis?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

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24
Q

What is an example of acanthosis?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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25
Q

“normal melanocyte number with decreased melanin production”

A

albinism

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26
Q

What is deficient or defective in albinism?

A

Tyrosinase enzyme

Tyrosine transport

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27
Q

“hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy”

A

melasma

28
Q

“irregular areas of complete depigmentation”

A

vitiligo

29
Q

What causes vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

30
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

A

Type I

31
Q

“intradermal nevi vs junctional nevi”

A

Intradermal= papular

junctional= macular

32
Q

What epidermal layer is increased in psoriasis and which is decreased?

A

increased= spinosum

decreaed= granulosum

33
Q

what is Auspitz sign?

A

pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off

34
Q

“inflammatory facial skin disorder characterized by erythematous papules and pustules”

A

rosacea

35
Q

“flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferatoin with keratin filled cysts”

A

Seborrheic keratosis

36
Q

What is leser trelat sign?

A

sudden appearance of multiple suborrheic keratosis indicating an underlying malignancy

37
Q

Bollous impetigo is associated with which type of infectious agent?

A

S. aureus

38
Q

Common causes of cellulitis?

A

S. pyogenes

S. aureus

39
Q

Infection involving the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics?

A

Erysipelas

40
Q

Most common cause of abscesses?

A

S. aureus

41
Q

What are bacterial causes of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

S. pyogenes

42
Q

What causes scalded skin syndrome?

A

Exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachements in stratum granulosum

43
Q

What type of antibody is seen in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

IgG antibody against desmoglein

44
Q

Which blistering skin disorder has separation of epidermis?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

45
Q

Which blistering skin disorder has tense blisters?

A

bullous pemphigoid

46
Q

Which blistering condition is more severe?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

47
Q

What skin disease is associated with celiac disease?

A

dermatitis herpetiforms

48
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiforms?

A

IgA at tips of dermal papillae

49
Q

“fever, bullae formation and necrosis, sloughing of skin, high mortality rate”

A

Stevens johnson reaction

50
Q

what is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

hyperinsulinemia ad visceral malignany

51
Q

“premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure?

A

actinic keratosis

52
Q

“painful inflammatory lesions on subcutaneous fat, usually on anterior skins”

A

erythema nodosum

53
Q

What conditions are associated with erythema nodosum?

A 
Sarcoidosis
coccidiodomycosis
histoplasmosis
TB
streptococcal infections
leprosy
crohn disease
54
Q

“sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal- epidermal junction”

A

lichen planus

55
Q

What are the 6 P’s of lichen planus?

A 
Pruritic
Purple
Polygonal
Planar Papules
Plaques
56
Q

What type of rays from the sun are associated with tanning? With sunburn?

A

UVA= tan

UVB= burn

57
Q

“pink pearly nodules with telangiectasias and rolled borders and central/ crusting ulceration”

A

basal cell carcinoma

58
Q

What is the histological feature of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Palisaiding carcinoma

59
Q

What is the mosts common skin cancer?

A

BCC

60
Q

What type of exposures can lead to SCC of the skin?

A

Arsenic, sunlight and immunosuppression

61
Q

What is the precursor to SCC?

A

Actinic keratosis

62
Q

What is the SCC varient that grows VERY quickly but then can regress over the course of months?

A

Keratoacanthoma

63
Q

Tumor marker for melanoma/

A

S-100

64
Q

What is the ABCDE of melanoma?

A 
Assymetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter >6mm
Evolution over time
65
Q

What is the mutation seen in melanoma?

A

BRAF kinase

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