Dermatology High Yield

Question 1

What are the layer os the epidermis from surface to base?

Answer 1

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Basale

Question 2

“felt connecting ACTIN cytoskeletos of adjacent cells with Cadherins”

Answer 2

Tight junctions/ Zonula aderins

Question 3

“structural support via KERATIN interactions”

Answer 3

Desmosome/ Macula adherens

Question 4

“channel proteins called connexons permit electrical and chemical communication between cells”

Answer 4

gap junction

Question 5

“connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membranes”

Answer 5

Hemidesmosomes

Question 6

What cell junction is targeted in Bullous pemphigoides?

Answer 6

Hemidesmosomes

Question 7

What cell junction is targeted in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 7

Desmosome

Question 8

“prevents paracellular movement of solutes; composed of claudins and occludins”

Answer 8

tight junctions

Question 9

“flat lesion with well circumscribed change in skin color”

Answer 9

macule

Question 10

“macule

Answer 10

Patch

Question 11

“elevated solid skin lesion

Answer 11

papule

Question 12

“papule

Answer 12

plaque

Question 13

“small fluid containing blister

Answer 13

vesicle

Question 14

“large fluid containing blister >1cm”

Answer 14

bulla

Question 15

“vesicles containing pus”

Answer 15

pustule

Question 16

“transient smooth papule or plaque”

Answer 16

Hives

Question 17

“flaking off of stratum corneum”

Answer 17

Scale–> eczema, psoriasis, SCC

Question 18

“dry exudate”

Answer 18

crust

Question 19

What is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 19

increased thickness of stratum corneum

Question 20

What is parakeratosis?

Answer 20

hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in statum corneum

Question 21

What is spongiosis?

Answer 21

epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces

Question 22

What is acantholysis?

Answer 22

separation of epidermal cells

Question 23

What is Acanthosis?

Answer 23

Epidermal hyperplasia

Question 24

What is an example of acanthosis?

Answer 24

Acanthosis nigricans

Question 25

"normal melanocyte number with decreased melanin production"

Answer 25

albinism

Question 26

What is deficient or defective in albinism?

Answer 26

Tyrosinase enzyme Tyrosine transport

Question 27

"hyperpigmentation associated with pregnancy"

Answer 27

melasma

Question 28

"irregular areas of complete depigmentation"

Answer 28

vitiligo

Question 29

What causes vitiligo?

Answer 29

Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

Question 30

What type of hypersensitivity is atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

Answer 30

Type I

Question 31

"intradermal nevi vs junctional nevi"

Answer 31

Intradermal= papular junctional= macular

Question 32

What epidermal layer is increased in psoriasis and which is decreased?

Answer 32

increased= spinosum decreaed= granulosum

Question 33

what is Auspitz sign?

Answer 33

pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off

Question 34

"inflammatory facial skin disorder characterized by erythematous papules and pustules"

Answer 34

rosacea

Question 35

"flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferatoin with keratin filled cysts"

Answer 35

Seborrheic keratosis

Question 36

What is leser trelat sign?

Answer 36

sudden appearance of multiple suborrheic keratosis indicating an underlying malignancy

Question 37

Bollous impetigo is associated with which type of infectious agent?

Answer 37

S. aureus

Question 38

Common causes of cellulitis?

Answer 38

S. pyogenes S. aureus

Question 39

Infection involving the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics?

Answer 39

Erysipelas

Question 40

Most common cause of abscesses?

Answer 40

S. aureus

Question 41

What are bacterial causes of necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 41

Anaerobic bacteria S. pyogenes

Question 42

What causes scalded skin syndrome?

Answer 42

Exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachements in stratum granulosum

Question 43

What type of antibody is seen in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 43

IgG antibody against desmoglein

Question 44

Which blistering skin disorder has separation of epidermis?

Answer 44

pemphigus vulgaris

Question 45

Which blistering skin disorder has tense blisters?

Answer 45

bullous pemphigoid

Question 46

Which blistering condition is more severe?

Answer 46

pemphigus vulgaris

Question 47

What skin disease is associated with celiac disease?

Answer 47

dermatitis herpetiforms

Question 48

What is dermatitis herpetiforms?

Answer 48

IgA at tips of dermal papillae

Question 49

"fever, bullae formation and necrosis, sloughing of skin, high mortality rate"

Answer 49

Stevens johnson reaction

Question 50

what is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

Answer 50

hyperinsulinemia ad visceral malignany

Question 51

"premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure?

Answer 51

actinic keratosis

Question 52

"painful inflammatory lesions on subcutaneous fat, usually on anterior skins"

Answer 52

erythema nodosum

Question 53

What conditions are associated with erythema nodosum?

Answer 53

``` Sarcoidosis coccidiodomycosis histoplasmosis TB streptococcal infections leprosy crohn disease ```

Question 54

"sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal- epidermal junction"

Answer 54

lichen planus

Question 55

What are the 6 P's of lichen planus?

Answer 55

``` Pruritic Purple Polygonal Planar Papules Plaques ```

Question 56

What type of rays from the sun are associated with tanning? With sunburn?

Answer 56

UVA= tan UVB= burn

Question 57

"pink pearly nodules with telangiectasias and rolled borders and central/ crusting ulceration"

Answer 57

basal cell carcinoma

Question 58

What is the histological feature of basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 58

Palisaiding carcinoma

Question 59

What is the mosts common skin cancer?

Answer 59

BCC

Question 60

What type of exposures can lead to SCC of the skin?

Answer 60

Arsenic, sunlight and immunosuppression

Question 61

What is the precursor to SCC?

Answer 61

Actinic keratosis

Question 62

What is the SCC varient that grows VERY quickly but then can regress over the course of months?

Answer 62

Keratoacanthoma

Question 63

Tumor marker for melanoma/

Answer 63

S-100

Question 64

What is the ABCDE of melanoma?

Answer 64

``` Assymetry Border irregularity Color variation Diameter >6mm Evolution over time ```

Question 65

What is the mutation seen in melanoma?

Answer 65

BRAF kinase