Endocrine Pharm High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 oral glucose medications work synergistically?

A

metformin and sulfonylureas

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2
Q

What are the 2 main AE of metformin?

A

lactic acidosis and GI upset

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3
Q

Name the class:

Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide

A

1st generation sulfonylureas

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4
Q

Name the class:

Glipizide
Glimepride
Glyburide

A

2nd Generation sulfonylureas

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5
Q

Main AE of the ALL sulfonylureas?

A

Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

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6
Q

Specific AE to chlorpropamide and tolbutamate?

A

Disulfram like reaction

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7
Q

Which sulfonylureas should be avoided in hepatic dysfunction?

A

glipizide

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8
Q

Which sulfonylureas should not be used in renal failure?

A

ALL of them!!

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9
Q

Which oral hypoglycemics inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases?

A

alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Acarbose and miglitol

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10
Q

Main AE of acarbose and miglitol?

A

GI/ Diarrhea/ Flatulence

Hepatotox

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11
Q

Which oral hypoglucemics bind PPAR gtranscription regulator to increase insulin sensitivity?

A

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

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12
Q

What are the main AE of pioglitazone and rosglitazone?

A

Weight gain, hepatotox, risk of fractures, heart failure and edema

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13
Q

What are the GLP 1 analogs?

A

Exenatide

Liraglitide

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14
Q

How do Exenatide and liraglitide work?

A

increase insulin and decrease glucacon

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15
Q

Major AE of exenatide and liraglitide?

A

N/V and pancreatitis

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16
Q

Name the DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

Linagliptin

Saxagliptin

Sigagliptin

17
Q

How doe DPP-4 inhibitors work?

A

Prevent the breakdown of GLP-1

18
Q

Which oral hypoglycemic is an amylin analog?

A

pramlintide

19
Q

Which oral hypoglucemic is an SGLT2 inhibitor that blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the PCT?

A

Canagliflozin

20
Q

AE of canagliflozin?

A

glycosuria and UTIs

21
Q

What is thyroid medication can also block peripheral conversion of T4–> T3? How does it do this?

A

Propylthiouracil

It blocks 5- deiodinase

22
Q

Which thyroid med can be used in pregnancy?

A

propylthiouracil

23
Q

AE of propylothiouracil and methimazole?

A

skin rash
Agranulocytosis (P>M)
aplastic anemia
Hepatotoxicity (P)

24
Q

What are conivaptan and Tolvaptan?

A

ADH antagonist

25
What is GH used in?
GH deficiency and turner syndrome
26
What s somatostatin used to treat?
acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome gastrinoma glucagonoma, esophageal varices
27
What is demeclocycline and what is it used to treat?
ADH antagonist and it is used to treat SIADH
28
What are the possible AE of demeclocycline?
nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormailites of bone and teeth
29
Which glucocorticoud has both muneralcorticoid and glucocorticoid activity?
fludrocortisone
30
What is cinacalcet?
Sensitizes Ca sensing receptors in PTH gland to circulating Ca in order to decrease PTH
31
AE of cinacalcet?
Hypocalcemia