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Renal Path High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

FSGN

A

Nephrotic

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2
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

MPGN

A

Nephritic

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3
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

Amyloidosis

A

Nephrotic

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4
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

Minimal change disease?

A

Nephrotic

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5
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

Alport syndrome

A

Nephritic

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6
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

PSGN

A

Nephritic

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7
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

RPGN

A

Nephritic

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8
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

Membranous nephropathy

A

Nephrotic

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9
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

A

Both

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10
Q

Nephritic/ nephrotic/ both?

IgA nephropathy (berger disease)

A

Nephritic

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11
Q

“subepithelial immune complex humps”

A

PSGN

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12
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is PSGN?

A

Type III

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13
Q

“peripheral and periorbital edema, cola colored urine, HTN”

A

PSGN

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14
Q

“crescent moon shape on light micropscopy”

A

RPGN

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15
Q

What do cresents consit of in RPGN?

A

Fibrin and plasma protein with macrophages, and monocytes

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16
Q

What 3 diseases can lead to RPGN?

A

Goodpasture
Wegeners
Microscopic polyangiitis

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17
Q

What can lead to DPGN (diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis)?

A

SLE and MPGN

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18
Q

How does DPGN appear on IF?

A

Granular

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19
Q

How does IgA nephropathy loop on LM and EM?

A

Mesangial proliferation and deposits

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20
Q

“episodic hematuria with RBC casts”

A

IgA nephropathy

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21
Q

“mtation in type IV collagen leading to thinning and splitting of glomerular basement membrane”

A

Alport syndrome

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of MPGN?

A

Type I: subendothelial immune complex deposits with granular IF

Type II: intramembranous IC deposits (dense deposits)

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23
Q

“segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis nonselfic for focal deposits of IgM, C3 and C1”

A

FSGS

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24
Q

Is there immune complex deposition in FSGS?

A

NOPE!

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25
"effacement of foot processes, most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children:
Minimal change disease
26
Treatment for MCD?
Corticosteroids
27
What race is FSGS common in/
African americans and hispanics
28
"spike and dome appearance on EM"
Membranous nepropathy
29
What race is membranous nephropathy common in?
Caucasian
30
What diseaeses can lead to membranous nephropathy?
Hep B, Hep C
31
"mesangial expansion, GBM thickening, eosinophilic nodular glomerularsclerosis"
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
32
What occurs to the efferent arterioles and the GBM in diabetic glomerulonephropathy?
Nonezymatic glycosylation
33
How is diabetic glomerulonephropathy treated?
ACEi
34
Calcium phosphate stone precipitate at what pH?
increased
35
Calcium oxalate stones precipitate at what pH?
decreased
36
Shape calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones?
envelope or dumbbell
37
Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones precipitate at what pH?
increased
38
"staghorn calculi"
ammonium magnesium pphosphate stones caused by urease (+) bacteria
39
Uric acid stone precipitate at what pH?
decreased pH
40
coffin lid shaped stones?
ammonium magnesium phosphate
41
rhomboid or rosette stones?
Uric acid
42
Cystine stone preceipitate at what pH?
decreased
43
Which stones are radiolucent?
Uric acid and cysteine
44
What is a possible complication of hydronephrosis?
compression and possible atrophy of renal cortex and medulla
45
What is a MAJOR risk factor for RCC?
Smoking!
46
What is the most common location of RCC?
PCT cells
47
What are 3 paraneoplastic conditions associated with RCC/
1- EPO 2- ACTH 3- PTHrP
48
What gene mutation can RCC possibly be associated with?
VHL tumor suppressor gene
49
"benign epithelial tumor of the kidney with abundent mitochondria without perinuclear clearing"
Renal pncocytoma
50
What chromosome are WT1 and WT2 located on?
Chromosome 11
51
What is WAGR?
Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary malformation, mental retardation
52
"large palpable unilateral flank mass in children (age 2-4)"
Wilms tumor
53
Painless hematuria (no casts) in older adults suggests....
bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma)
54
What exposures can cause transitional cell carcinoma?
1- Smoking 2- Phenacetin 3- Analine dyes 4- Cyclophosphamide
55
What are the 2 growth patterns of transitional cell carcinoma?
Flat (early p53 mutation) Papillary
56
What causes sterile pyuria?
N. gonorrhea and Chlamydia
57
Inflammatory cells of acute phyelonephritis?
Neutrophils
58
What is found in the urine of someone with pyelonephritis?
WBC casts
59
What are 4 possible complications of acute pyelonephritis?
1- chronic pyelonephritis 2- renal papillary necrosis 3- perinephric abscess 4- urosepsis
60
What predisposes to recurrent/ chronic pyelonephritis?
Vesicoureteral reflux or chronically obstructing kidney stones
61
What is the lag time between drug exposure and drug induced interstitial nephritis?
1-2 weeks for most drugs it can occur months later for NSAID exposure
62
What are the symptoms of drug induced interstitial nephritis?
Pyuria (eosinophils) and azotemia
63
What can cause diffuse cortical necrosis?
generalized cortical infarction--> from DIC and vasospasm
64
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients?
Acute tubular necrosis
65
"muddy brown casts"
acute tubular necrosis
66
What are two general causes of acute tubular necrosis?
1- ischemia | 2- nephrotoxic drugs
67
BUN: Cr in acute tubular necrosis?
68
FeNa in acute tubular necrosis?
Increased
69
"sloughing of necrotic renal papillae--> gross hematuria and proteinuria"
renal papillary necrosis
70
What conditions can cause renal papillary necrosis?
Sickle cell disease Acute pyelonephritis NSAIDs Diabetes mellitus
71
BUN: Cr in prerenal azotemia?
>15
72
FeNa of prerenal azotemia?
73
What are the consequences of renal failure? MAD HUNGER
``` Metabolic Acidosis Dyslipidemia Hyperkalemia Uremia Na/ H20 retention Growth retardation Erythropoietin failure Renal osteodystrophy ```
74
What is renal osteodystrophy?
failure of vitamin D hydroxylation, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia--> secondary hyperparathyroidism
75
What chromosome is PKD1 on? PKD2?
PKD1= chromosome 16 PKD2= chromosome 4
76
What are common complications of ADPKD?
Hepatic cysts Berry aneurysms HTN Mitral balbe prolapse
77
"inherited disease cauing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progressive renal insufficiency with inability to concentrate urine"
Medullary cystic disease
78
Which has an increased risk of RCC... simple cyts or complex cysts?
Complex!

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