Ophthalmology High Yield

Question 1

“eye to short for refractive power of cornea and lense–> light focused behind the retina”

Answer 1

hyperopia

Question 2

“Eye too long for refractive pwer of cornea and lens–> light focued in front of retina”

Answer 2

Myopia

Question 3

“abnormal curvature of the cornea”

Answer 3

astigmatism

Question 4

“collects aqueous humor from trabecular meshwork”

Answer 4

Canal of Schlemm

Question 5

“collects aqueous humor that flows through the anterior chamber”

Answer 5

Trabecular meshwork

Question 6

“produces aqueous humor”

Answer 6

Ciliary epithelium

Question 7

Ciliary epithelium are under what autonomic control?

Answer 7

Beta

Question 8

What causes cataracts in diabetics?

Answer 8

sorbitol

Question 9

“optic disc atrophy with characteristic cupping, and elevated IOP”

Answer 9

Glaucoma

Question 10

What causes primary closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 10

Lens pushes up against iris–> obstruction of aqueous humor flow

Question 11

What HLA type can uveitis be associated with?

Answer 11

HLA- B27

Question 12

“loss of central vision”

Answer 12

macular degeneration

Question 13

How can dry macular degeneration be prevented?

Answer 13

multivitamin and antioxidant supplements

Question 14

What causes we macular degeneration?

Answer 14

bleeding secondary to choroidal neovascularization–> treat with anti-VEGF

Question 15

Difference between non proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 15

proliferative–> damaged capillaries leak blood

nonproliferative–> new blood vessel formation due to chronic hypoxia

Question 16

What is retinal detachment?

Answer 16

separation of neurosensory layer of retina (photoreceptor layer with rods and cones) from outermost pigmented epithelium

Question 17

What are the preceeding signs and symptoms of retinal detachment?

Answer 17

flashes and floaters, “curtain drawn down vision

Question 18

Describe the vision loss associated with central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 18

acute painless monocular vision loss

Question 19

“inherited progressive, painless vision loss beginning with night blindness”

Answer 19

retinitis pigmentosa

Question 20

“optic swelling due to increased ICP, blurred margins”

Answer 20

Papilledema

Question 21

Constriction of the pupil is under what type of control?

Answer 21

parasympathetic…M3

Question 22

What is the path of the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 22

CNII–> Pretectal nuclei–> EW- nucleus–> oculomotor nerve contracts pupil

Question 23

What is the path of the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 23

CNII–> Pretectal nuclei–> EW- nucleus–> oculomotor nerve contracts pupil

Question 24

Horner syndrome is associated with a lesion at what level of the spinal cord?

Answer 24

T1 or above

Question 25

“Ptosis + anhidrosis + miosis”

Answer 25

Horner syndrome

Question 26

How do you test the IO muscle?

Answer 26

Look up

Question 27

How do you test the SO?

Answer 27

Look ti the opposite direction of the you are trying to test

Question 28

“blown pupil with a down and out gaze”

Answer 28

CN III damage

Question 29

“eye moves upwards with contralateral gaze and head tilts to side of teh lesion”

Answer 29

CN IV damage

Question 30

“medially adducted eye that cannot be abducted”

Answer 30

CN VI damage

Question 31

Anopia?

Answer 31

loss of vision in one eye

Question 32

“left upper wuadrantic anopia”

Answer 32

right temporal lesion, MCA

Question 33

“left lower quadrantic anopia”

Answer 33

right parietal lesion, MCA

Question 34

“left hemianopia with macular sparing”

Answer 34

PCA infarct

Question 35

What is meyer’s loop?

Answer 35

loops around the inferior horn of the ventral ventricle in the temporal lobe

Question 36

What is Dorsal optic radiation?

Answer 36

Shortest path taken (via internal capsule)

Question 37

What is the MLF?

Answer 37

allows for crosstalk between CN VI and CN III to coordinate horizontal direction