Ophthalmology High Yield Flashcards
“eye to short for refractive power of cornea and lense–> light focused behind the retina”
hyperopia
“Eye too long for refractive pwer of cornea and lens–> light focued in front of retina”
Myopia
“abnormal curvature of the cornea”
astigmatism
“collects aqueous humor from trabecular meshwork”
Canal of Schlemm
“collects aqueous humor that flows through the anterior chamber”
Trabecular meshwork
“produces aqueous humor”
Ciliary epithelium
Ciliary epithelium are under what autonomic control?
Beta
What causes cataracts in diabetics?
sorbitol
“optic disc atrophy with characteristic cupping, and elevated IOP”
Glaucoma
What causes primary closed angle glaucoma?
Lens pushes up against iris–> obstruction of aqueous humor flow
What HLA type can uveitis be associated with?
HLA- B27
“loss of central vision”
macular degeneration
How can dry macular degeneration be prevented?
multivitamin and antioxidant supplements
What causes we macular degeneration?
bleeding secondary to choroidal neovascularization–> treat with anti-VEGF
Difference between non proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
proliferative–> damaged capillaries leak blood
nonproliferative–> new blood vessel formation due to chronic hypoxia
What is retinal detachment?
separation of neurosensory layer of retina (photoreceptor layer with rods and cones) from outermost pigmented epithelium
What are the preceeding signs and symptoms of retinal detachment?
flashes and floaters, “curtain drawn down vision
Describe the vision loss associated with central retinal artery occlusion?
acute painless monocular vision loss
“inherited progressive, painless vision loss beginning with night blindness”
retinitis pigmentosa
“optic swelling due to increased ICP, blurred margins”
Papilledema
Constriction of the pupil is under what type of control?
parasympathetic…M3
What is the path of the pupillary light reflex?
CNII–> Pretectal nuclei–> EW- nucleus–> oculomotor nerve contracts pupil
What is the path of the pupillary light reflex?
CNII–> Pretectal nuclei–> EW- nucleus–> oculomotor nerve contracts pupil
Horner syndrome is associated with a lesion at what level of the spinal cord?
T1 or above
“Ptosis + anhidrosis + miosis”
Horner syndrome
How do you test the IO muscle?
Look up
How do you test the SO?
Look ti the opposite direction of the you are trying to test
“blown pupil with a down and out gaze”
CN III damage
“eye moves upwards with contralateral gaze and head tilts to side of teh lesion”
CN IV damage
“medially adducted eye that cannot be abducted”
CN VI damage
Anopia?
loss of vision in one eye
“left upper wuadrantic anopia”
right temporal lesion, MCA
“left lower quadrantic anopia”
right parietal lesion, MCA
“left hemianopia with macular sparing”
PCA infarct
What is meyer’s loop?
loops around the inferior horn of the ventral ventricle in the temporal lobe
What is Dorsal optic radiation?
Shortest path taken (via internal capsule)
What is the MLF?
allows for crosstalk between CN VI and CN III to coordinate horizontal direction
