Repro Pharm High Yield

Question 1

What is the mechanism of leuprolide?

Answer 1

GnRH analog with agnoist propertes when used in a pulsatile fashion

Antagonist properties when used in a continuous fashion

Question 2

How is leuprolide used in prostate cancer?

Answer 2

Used in a a continuous manner to downregulate GnRH receptor in pituitary to decrase FSH and LF release)

Question 3

What is an AE of leuprolide?

Answer 3

Antiandrogen

Question 4

What is ethinyl estradiol?

Answer 4

estrogen

Question 5

What is DES?

Answer 5

Estrogen

Question 6

What is mestranol?

Answer 6

Estrogen

Question 7

What are the AEs of estrogens?

Answer 7

1- increased risk of endometrial cancer
2- Bleeding in postmenopausal women
3- increased risk of thrombi

Question 8

Mechanism of cloniphene?

Answer 8

Antagonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus–> increased LH and FSH release–> stimulates ovulation

Question 9

What is cloniphene used to treat?

Answer 9

infertility

Question 10

How does tamoxifen work?

Answer 10

Antagonist at breast

Agonist at bone and uterus

Question 11

What does raloxifene work?

Answer 11

Antagonist at breast and uterus

Agonist at bone

Question 12

What are the possible AE of tamoxifen?

Answer 12

Thrombolytic events

Endometrial cancer

Question 13

What is the primary use of raloxifene?

Answer 13

treat osteoporiosis

Question 14

Does estrogen increase or decrease osteoclast activity?

Answer 14

Decrease

Question 15

What is the mechanism of anastrozole?

Answer 15

Aromatase inhibitor

Question 16

What is anastrozole used to treat?

Answer 16

ER positive breast cancer

Question 17

What can progestins be used for?

Answer 17

1- oral contraceptives
2- endometrial cancer
3- abnormal uterine bleeding

Question 18

What is the mechanism of mifepristone?

Answer 18

Competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors

Question 19

What is given with mifepristone for the termination of a pregnancy?

Answer 19

Misorostol (PGE1)

Question 20

How do estrogen/ progestin oral contraceptives work?

Answer 20

Inhibit Lh/ FSH to prevent the estrogen surge–> no ovulation

Question 21

Which drug causes thickening of cervical mucus thereby limiting access of sperm to uterus?

Answer 21

Progestins

Question 22

What is the mechanism of terbutaline?

Answer 22

beta 2 agonist to relax uterus and decrease contraction frequencyt during labor

Question 23

What is the mechanism of danazol?

Answer 23

synthetic androgen that acts as a partial agonist at androgen receptors

Question 24

What is danazol used for?

Answer 24

1- endometriosis

2- hereditary angioedema

Question 25

Describe the levels of LDL and HDL in testosterone use?

Answer 25

Increased LDL

Decreased HDL

Question 26

Mechanism of finasteride?

Answer 26

5alpha reductase inhibitor?

Question 27

What is the mechanism of flutamide?

Answer 27

Nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor at androgen receptors

Question 28

What is flutamide used for?

Answer 28

prostate carcinoma

Question 29

What is the mechanism of ketoconazole?

Answer 29

inhibits steroid synthesis (inhibits 17, 20 desmolase)

Question 30

What is the mechanism of spironolactone?

Answer 30

inhibits steroid binding, 17alpha hydroxylase and 17, 20- desmolase

Question 31

What are ketoconazole and spironolactone used to treat?

Answer 31

PCOS (to reduce antiandrogen symptoms)

Question 32

What is the mechanism of tamsulosin?

Answer 32

alpha 1 antagonist used to treat BPH by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction–> selective for alpha 1A, D receptors (found on prostate) vs vascular alpha 1B receptors

Question 33

Name the mechanism:

Sildenafil
Vardenafil
Tadalafil

Answer 33

Inhibit PDE5–> increase cGMP–> smooth muscle relazton in corpus cavernosum–> erection