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Step 1 Review > Nutrition High Yield > Flashcards

Nutrition High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

B1=

A

Thiamine

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2
Q

B2=

A

Riboflavin (FAD/ FMN)

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3
Q

B3=

A

Niacin

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4
Q

B5=

A

Pantothenic acid

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5
Q

B6=

A

Pyridoxine

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6
Q

B7=

A

biotin

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7
Q

B9=

A

Folate

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8
Q

B12=

A

cobalamine

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9
Q

What are the 3 general symptoms of a b complex deficiency?

A

Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea

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10
Q

What vitamin is necessary for normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue?

A

Vit A

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11
Q

What are 3 symptoms of vit A deficiency?

A

Night blindness
Dry/ scaly skin
Corneal degeneration

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12
Q

What birth defect can vit A cause?

A

cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities

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13
Q

What is vit B1 a cofactor for?

A

Dehydrogenase reactions!

1- Pyruvate dehydrogenase
2- alpha- ketogluterate dehydrogenase
3- Transketolase (HMP shunt)
4- Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

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14
Q

What can exacerbate a B1 deficiency?

A

glucose! because TCA enzymes can’t work

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15
Q

What vitamin is a component of FAD and FMN?

A

B2 (riboflavin)

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16
Q

What are the 2 symtpoms of B2 deficiency?

A

1- cheilosis

2- Corneal vascularization

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17
Q

How many ATP is derived from B2?

A

2 ATP

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18
Q

How many ATP are derived from B3?

A

3 ATP

19
Q

What are the symptoms of B3 deficiency?

A

1- glossitis

2- Pellagra (in Hartnup disease)–> diarrhea dementia and dermatitis

20
Q

What are the symptoms of B3 excess?

A

Flushing, hyperglycemia and hyper uricemia

21
Q

Which enzyme is an essential component of coA?

A

Vit B5 (pantothenic acid

22
Q

WHat are the symptoms of B5 deficnency?

A

dermatitis, enteriits, alopencia and adrenal insufficiency

23
Q

Wheat vitamin is used in transamination reactions, decarboxylation reactions, glycogen phosphoryalase?

A

B6 (pyridoxine)

24
Q

What are the symptoms associated with vit B6 deficiency?

A

convusions, irritability, peripheral neuropathy sideroblastic anemia

25
Q

What vitamin is needed for carboxylase reactions?

A

biotin!

26
Q

Eating too much of what can lead to biotin deficiency?

A

Egg whites

27
Q

What vitamin is needed for 1 carbon transfer/ methylation reactions?

A

Folate (B9)

28
Q

“macrocytic. megaloblastic anemia with hypersegmented PMNs and NO neuro symptoms”

A

Folate (B9) deficiency

29
Q

Which deficiency has increased homocystein but normal methylmalonic acid?

A

B9

30
Q

Which deficieny has increaed homocysteine and methylmalonic acid?

A

B12

31
Q

What is the cofactor for homocystein methyltarnsferase? And methylmalonyl-CoA mutase?

A

Vit B12

32
Q

“antioxidant that faciliates Fe absorption and is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen”

A

vitamin C

33
Q

‘corkscrew hairs”

A

vit C deficiency

34
Q

What enzyme supplemenation should breast fed infants recieve?

A

Vit D

35
Q

“antioxidant that protects RBCs and membranes from free radical damage”

A

vit E

36
Q

What are the symptoms of vit E deficiency??

A

Hemplytic anemia, acanthocytosis, posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

37
Q

“cofactor for the gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid resideus on proteins needed for blood clotting”

A

vit K

38
Q

What are the symptoms of zinc deficiency?

A

delayed wound healing

decreased adult hair

acrodermatitis

predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis

39
Q

protein malnutrition?

A

kwashiorkor

40
Q

total calorie malnutrition?

A

marasmus

41
Q

What inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

fomepizole

42
Q

What inhibits acetaldehyde denydrogenase?

A

disulfram

43
Q

Ethanol metabolism has an increased ratio of what?

A

NAD/ NAD+

44
Q

What 2 pathways are increased in alcoholic liver?

A

Pyruvate–> lactate

Oxaloacetate–> malate

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