Neuro Embryology High Yield Flashcards
When does neurulation begin?
3 weeks
How does the neural plate (neuroectoderm) form?
Notocord ncudes overlying ectoderm to form neuroectoderm
What is the alar plate (dorsal)?
Sensory
What is the basal plate (ventral)?
Motor
What is the adult derivative of the Telencephalon?
Cerebral hemisphere and lateral ventricles
What is the adult derivative of the diencephalon?
Thalamus and 3rd ventricle
What is the adult derivative of the mesencephalon?
Midbrain and Cerebral aqueduct
What is the adult derivative of the metencephalon?
Pons and Cerebellum, upper part of the 4th ventricle
What is the adult derivative of the myelencephalon?
Medulla and lower part of the 4th ventricle
Prosencephalon=?
Forebrain
Telecephalon and diencephalon
Rhombencephaol=?
Hindbrain
Metencephaol + Myelencephalon
Which cells are made from neural crest…CNS neurons or PNS neurons?
PNS neurons
The CNS neurons are from neuroectoderm
At what week gestation do neural tube defects develop?
4th week
Which amniotic fluid marker is INCREASED in neural tube defects?
aFP and AChE
“malformation of anterior neural tube leading to no forebrain development”
Anencephaly
“malformation of anterior neural tube leading to no forebrain development”
Anencephaly
“failure of bony spinal canal to close, but no structural herniation with INTACT dura”
Spina bifida occulta
“meninges herniate through bony defect”
Meningocele
“meninges and neural tissue herniate through bony defect”
Meningomyelocele
“most severe form of spina bifida, spinal cord can be seen externally”
Myeloschsis
“failure of the left and right hemispheres to separate”
holoprosencephaly… occurs at weeks 5-6
What condition is associated with holoprosenceophaly?
Patae (trisomy 13)
“Downward displacement of the cerebellar vermis and medulla through the foramen magnum with resulting hydrocephalus”
Arnold- Chiari malformation II
** associated with lumosacral memingomyelocele
“downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum…generally asymptomatic”
Arnold- Chiari malformation I
“agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle”
Dandy- Walker
“agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle”
Dandy- Walker
“cystic cavity within the spinal cord with damage to anterior spinal commisural fibers”
Syringomyelia
bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities (from damage to anterior commsural fibers)
What nerve provides sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?
V3
What nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
VII
What nerve provides both taste and sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
IX
Which nerves provide motor innervation to the tongue?
XII and X
What does the face develop from?
1st pharnygeal pouch
“maxillary prominence fails to fuse with the medial nasal prominence”
Cleft lip
“palatine shelves failt o fuse with each other of the primary palate”
cleft palate
“palatine shelves fail o fuse with each other of the primary palate”
cleft palate
