Neuro Embryology High Yield

Question 1

When does neurulation begin?

Answer 1

3 weeks

Question 2

How does the neural plate (neuroectoderm) form?

Answer 2

Notocord ncudes overlying ectoderm to form neuroectoderm

Question 3

What is the alar plate (dorsal)?

Answer 3

Sensory

Question 4

What is the basal plate (ventral)?

Answer 4

Motor

Question 5

What is the adult derivative of the Telencephalon?

Answer 5

Cerebral hemisphere and lateral ventricles

Question 6

What is the adult derivative of the diencephalon?

Answer 6

Thalamus and 3rd ventricle

Question 7

What is the adult derivative of the mesencephalon?

Answer 7

Midbrain and Cerebral aqueduct

Question 8

What is the adult derivative of the metencephalon?

Answer 8

Pons and Cerebellum, upper part of the 4th ventricle

Question 9

What is the adult derivative of the myelencephalon?

Answer 9

Medulla and lower part of the 4th ventricle

Question 10

Prosencephalon=?

Answer 10

Forebrain

Telecephalon and diencephalon

Question 11

Rhombencephaol=?

Answer 11

Hindbrain

Metencephaol + Myelencephalon

Question 12

Which cells are made from neural crest…CNS neurons or PNS neurons?

Answer 12

PNS neurons

The CNS neurons are from neuroectoderm

Question 13

At what week gestation do neural tube defects develop?

Answer 13

4th week

Question 14

Which amniotic fluid marker is INCREASED in neural tube defects?

Answer 14

aFP and AChE

Question 15

“malformation of anterior neural tube leading to no forebrain development”

Answer 15

Anencephaly

Question 16

“malformation of anterior neural tube leading to no forebrain development”

Answer 16

Anencephaly

Question 17

“failure of bony spinal canal to close, but no structural herniation with INTACT dura”

Answer 17

Spina bifida occulta

Question 18

“meninges herniate through bony defect”

Answer 18

Meningocele

Question 19

“meninges and neural tissue herniate through bony defect”

Answer 19

Meningomyelocele

Question 20

“most severe form of spina bifida, spinal cord can be seen externally”

Answer 20

Myeloschsis

Question 21

“failure of the left and right hemispheres to separate”

Answer 21

holoprosencephaly… occurs at weeks 5-6

Question 22

What condition is associated with holoprosenceophaly?

Answer 22

Patae (trisomy 13)

Question 23

“Downward displacement of the cerebellar vermis and medulla through the foramen magnum with resulting hydrocephalus”

Answer 23

Arnold- Chiari malformation II

** associated with lumosacral memingomyelocele

Question 24

“downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum…generally asymptomatic”

Answer 24

Arnold- Chiari malformation I

Question 25

"agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle"

Answer 25

Dandy- Walker

Question 26

"agenesis of cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle"

Answer 26

Dandy- Walker

Question 27

"cystic cavity within the spinal cord with damage to anterior spinal commisural fibers"

Answer 27

Syringomyelia bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities (from damage to anterior commsural fibers)

Question 28

What nerve provides sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 28

V3

Question 29

What nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 29

VII

Question 30

What nerve provides both taste and sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 30

IX

Question 31

Which nerves provide motor innervation to the tongue?

Answer 31

XII and X

Question 32

What does the face develop from?

Answer 32

1st pharnygeal pouch

Question 33

"maxillary prominence fails to fuse with the medial nasal prominence"

Answer 33

Cleft lip

Question 34

"palatine shelves failt o fuse with each other of the primary palate"

Answer 34

cleft palate

Question 35

"palatine shelves fail o fuse with each other of the primary palate"

Answer 35

cleft palate