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Step 1 Review > Hem/ Onc High Yield > Flashcards

Hem/ Onc High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Anisocytosis?

A

varying size RBC

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2
Q

Life span of RBC?

A

120 days

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3
Q

Piokilocytosis?

A

varing shape RBC

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4
Q

What are platelets derived from?

A

megakaryocytes

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5
Q

Life span of thrombocyte/ platlet?

A

8- 10 days

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6
Q

What is the vWF receptor on platelets?

A

GpIb

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7
Q

What is the fibrinogen receptor on platelets?

A

GpIIb/ IIIa

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8
Q

Where are 1/3 of all platelets stored?

A

Spleen

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9
Q

Name the 4 substances in the granules of platelets?

A

1- ADP
2- Ca2+
3- vWF
4- Fibrinogen

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10
Q

“acute inflammatory response cell”

A

neutrophil

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11
Q

What is in the specific granules of neutrophils? (4)

A

1- ALP
2- collagenase
3- lysozyme
4- lactoferrin

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12
Q

What is in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils? (4)

A

1- proteinases
2- acid phosphatase
3- myeloperoxidase
4- Beta glucuronidase

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13
Q

What are 4 MAJOR chemotactic agents for neutrophils?

A 
1- C5a
2- IL-8
3- LTB4
4- Kallikrein
5- Platelet activating factor
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14
Q

What do macrophages come from?

A

Monocytes! They differentiate once they enter tissue

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15
Q

What cytokine activates macrophages?

A

Gamma interferon

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16
Q

How do macrophages participate in Gram (-) septic shock?

A

Lipid A from LPS binds CD14 on macrophages to initiate septic shock

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17
Q

Major function of eosinophils?

A

Helmith infections and phagocytose antigen- antibody complexes

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18
Q

What are the 2 major substances of Eosinophils?

A

Histamine

Major Basic Protien

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19
Q

Which cells mediate allergic reactions?

A

Basophils, eosinophils and mast cells

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20
Q

What are the 2 major substances of basophils?

A

Heparin

Histamine

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21
Q

Basophelia is a sign for what type of cancer?

A

CML

22
Q

What causes mast cell degranulation?

A

Cross linking of IgE

23
Q

What type of hypersensitiviet reaction are mast cells associated with?

A

Type I

24
Q

What asthma treatment prevents the degranulation of mast cells?

A

Cromolyn sodium

25
Q

“highly phagocytic APCs that functions as a link between innate and adaptive immune systems”

A

dendritic cells

26
Q

Which lymphocyte is part of the innate immune system?

A

Natural killer cells

27
Q

Name the cell type:

CD19 + CD20 + CD21

A

B cell

28
Q

Name the cell type:

CD19 + CD20 + CD21

A

B cell

29
Q

What part of the spleen can B cells mature?

A

While pulp

30
Q

Name the Cell type:

CD3 + CD4/8

A

T cell

31
Q

What is the costimulatory signal needed for T cell activation?

A

CD28

32
Q

ABO antibodies are Ig?

A

IgM

33
Q

Rh antibodies are Ig?

A

IgG

34
Q

What can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

Anti-D- IgG from the mom cross the placenta and canse erythroblastosis fetalis int he next Rh+ fetus

35
Q

What does VIIIa activate?

A

IXa so that it can cleave X

36
Q

What cleaves VIII?

A

IIa (thrombin)

37
Q

What cleaves V?

A

IIa (thrombin)

38
Q

Which anticoagulant has the greatest effect on IIa (heparin)?

A

Heparin

39
Q

What anticoagulant has the highest effect on Xa?

A

LMWH

40
Q

What factor activates II?

A

Va and Xa

41
Q

“deficiency of factor VIII (XR)”

A

Hemophelia A

42
Q

“deficiency of factor IX (XR)”

A

Hemophelia B

43
Q

“deficiency of factor XI (XR)”

A

Hemophelia C

44
Q

What factors cleavages require Ca2+?

A

VII, XIIa, IXa/ VIIIa, Xa/ Va

5, 7-10

45
Q

What enzyme is inhibited by warfarin?

A

vitamin K epoxide reductase

46
Q

What factors does warfarin interfere with?

A

I, VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S

47
Q

What enzyme activates plasminogen?

A

tPA

48
Q

Heparin enhances the activity of ________

A

antthrombin (which targets Xa and IIa)

49
Q

What is the mutation seen in factor V leiden mutation?

A

produces a factor V resistant to inhibition by activated protein C

50
Q

What releases vWF?

A

Weibel- Palade Bodies and alpha granules of platelets

51
Q

Once platelets bind vWF via GpIb what do they release?

A

ADP, Ca2+ and TXA2

52
Q

What incudes the expression of GpIIb/ IIIa on platelets?

A

ADP binding platelets

Step 1 Review (62 decks)

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