Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 1 Review > Resp Pathology High Yield > Flashcards

Resp Pathology High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic rhinitis?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common location of a nose bleed (epistaxis)?

A

anterior segment of the nostril (Kiesselback plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A life threatening nosebleed stems from which artery?

A

Sphenopalatine artery (a branch of maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 aspects of Virchow triad?

A

1- stasis
2- hypercoagulability
3- endothelial damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are pulmonary emboli associated with respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?

A

Alkalosis (due to the hypoxemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to the FEV1 in obstructive lung diseases?

A

DECREASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the FEV1/ FVC ratio in obstructive lung diseases?

A

DECREASED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

“hyperplasia of mucous secreting glands in bronchi”

A

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

“enlargement of air spaces (either panacina or centriacinar) leading to decreased recoil and increased compliance”

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of alveolar wall destruction is associated with smoking associated emphysema?

A

Centriacinar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

“increased elastase activity” can be caused by what 2 factors?

A

Increased production of elasetase (smoking)

OR

Decreased A1AT (regulatory to keep elastase in check)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“bronchial hyperresponsivenes causes reversible bronchoconstriction”

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“sloughed off epithelium forms whorled mucus plugs”

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi–> perminently dilated airways”

A

Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the ration of FEV1/ FVC in restrictive lung diseases?

A

INCREASED (because FVC decreases more than FEV1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is associated with which types of hypersensitvity reaction?

A

Mixed Type III/ IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is asbestos located in the lung?

A

Lower lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a found in the sputum in asbestiosis?

A

Golden brown asbestos bodies (fusiform rods resembiling dumbbels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where in the lungs is berylliosis located?

A

Upper lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does beryllium exposure occur?

A

Aerospace and manufacturing industries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is black lung disease?

A

Coal workers pneumoconiosis (macrophages laden with carbon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where in the lungs is coal located?

A

Upper lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the lung findings in silicosis?

A

Fibrotic lung nodules in upper lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where can you be exposed to silica?

A

Sandblasting and mines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What ratio is calculated to check lung maturity?
Lecithin: sphingomyelin Mature >2
26
"diffuse alveolar damage"
ARDS
27
"intra- alveolar hyaline membranes"
ARDS
28
"while asleep, respiratory effort against airway obstruction"
OSA
29
What is normal mean pulmonary artery pressure?
10-14 mmHg
30
What gene is implicated in pulmonary arterial HTN that normally inhibits vascular smooth muscle proliferation?
BMPR2
31
What intrinsic lung diseas can lead to pulmonary HTN?
Destruction of lung parenchyma (COPD)
32
Describe the following characteristics for Pleural Effusion: Breath Sounds Percussio Fremitus Trachial deviation
Breath Sounds: D Precussion: Dull Fremitus: D Deviation: Away from side of lesion
33
Describe the following characteristics for Atelectasis: Breath Sounds Percussio Fremitus Trachial deviation
Breath Sounds: D Percussion: Dull Fremitus: D Trachial: toward side of lesion
34
Describe the following characteristics for simple pneumothorax: Breath Sounds Percussio Fremitus Trachial deviation
Breath Sounds: D Percussion: hyperresonant Fremitus: D Trachial: --
35
Describe the following characteristics for tension pneumothorax: Breath Sounds Percussio Fremitus Trachial deviation
Breath Sounds: D Percussion: hyperresonant Fremitus: D Trachial: away from side of lesion
36
Describe the following characteristics for Consolidation: Breath Sounds Percussio Fremitus Trachial deviation
Breath Sounds: bronchail breath sounds (late inspiration crackles) Percussion: hyperresonant Fremitus: Increased Trachial: --
37
Are pleural effusions restrictive or obstructive?
Restrictive
38
What are transudative pleural effusions due to?
Increaed hydrostatic pressure r decreaesd oncotic pressure
39
What is exudative pleural effusion due to?
Malignancy, pneumonia, collagen vascular disease, trauma
40
What is lymphatic pleural effusion due to?
Thoracic duct injury from trauma or malignancy
41
"accumulation of air in pleural spae"
pneumothorax
42
What are 3 common bugs to cause LOBAR pneumonia?
S. pneumoiae Legionella Klebsiella
43
What are 4 common causes of bonchopneumonia?
S. pneumonia S. aureus H. influenzae Klebsiella
44
What are 4 common causes of interstitial (atypical) pneumonia?
Viruses Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia
45
"diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls"
interstitial pneumonia
46
"acute inflammatory infiltrate from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli"
Bronchopneumonia
47
What is the treatment for lung abscess?
Clindamycin
48
What is indicative of lung abscess on Xray?
Air fluid levels
49
What bugs commonly cause lung abscesses?
Anaerobes | S. aureus
50
What is the indicative cell finding in mesothelioma?
Psammoma bodies
51
"carcinoma that occurs at the apex of the lung"
Pancoast tumor
52
What are 2 possible complications of pancoast tumors?
1- SVC syndrome | 2- Horner Syndrome
53
Aside from pancoast tumor what else can cause SCV syndrome?
thrombosis from indwelling catheter
54
Cell marker for small cell carcinoma?
Chromogranin A
55
What is the neoplastic cell in small cell?
Neuroendocrine Kulchintsky cells
56
Oncogene associated with small cell carcinoma?
myc gene
57
What mutations are seen in adenocarcinoma of the lung?
KRAS, EGFR, ALK
58
What is a marker for adenocarcinoma of the lung?
Mucin
59
What is the paraneoplastic syndrome associated with SCC of the lung?
PTHrP
60
Histological features of SCC of the lung?
Keratin pearls and intercellular bridges
61
Marker for large cell carcinoma of the lung?
beta hCG
62
What is the cell of large cell carcinoma?
Pleomorphic giant cell
63
Which lung cancer is associated with carcinoid syndrome (5-HT secretion)?
Bronchial carcinoid tumor
64
Which 2 lung cancers are of neuroendocrine origin?
small cell and Broncioal carcinoid

Step 1 Review (62 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions