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Step 1 Review > MSK A&P High Yield > Flashcards

MSK A&P High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior draw test is positive in what type of injury?

A

ACL injury

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2
Q

Posterior draw test is positive in what type of injury?

A

PCL injury

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3
Q

Abnormal passive abduction test (valgus/ lateral force) is positive in what type of injury?

A

MCL injury

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4
Q

Abnormal passive adduction test (medial/ varus force) is positive in what type of injury?

A

LCL injury

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5
Q

On a McMurray test, there is popping with external rotation with what type of injury?

A

Medial meniscal tear

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6
Q

On a McMurray test, there is popping with internal rotation with what type of injury?

A

Lateral meniscal tear

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7
Q

What injury results drom a lateral force applied to a planted leg?

A

“unhappy triad”

ACL injury
MCL injury
Medial Meniscus injury

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8
Q

What is a bakers cyst?

A

Popliteal fluid collection commonly related to chronic joint disease

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9
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?

A

1- Supraspinatus (abducts)
2- Infraspinatus (laterally rotates arm)
3- Teres Minor (adducts and laterally rotates)
4- Subscapularis (medially rotate and adduct)

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10
Q

What is the nerve innervation for the following nerves:

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

A

Supraspinatus- suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus- suprascapular nerve

Teres Minor- axillary nerve

Subscapularis- upper and lower subscapular nerves

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11
Q

Pain near lateral epicondyle of elbow is caused by…

A

repetitive extension (backhand shots)

Tennis Elbow!

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12
Q

Pain near medial epicondyle of elbow is caused by…

A

repetitive flexion (forehand shots)

Golfer’s elbow

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13
Q

Most commonly fractured carpel bone?

A

Scaphoid

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14
Q

Dislocation of which wrist bone can cause acute carpel syndrome?

A

Lunate

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15
Q

FOOSH injury occurs to which wrist bone? Which nerve is injured?

A

Hamate bone

Ulnar nerve

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16
Q

Which nerve is involved in carpel tunnel syndrome/

A

Median nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve is involved in guyon canal syndrome? Who is this injury seen in?

A

Ulnar nerve

Cyclists (from pressure from handlebars)

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18
Q

What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5- T1

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19
Q

What are the 5 major nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

1- Musculocutaneous (anterior division)

2- Median (anterior division)

3- Ulnar (anterior division)

4- Axillary (posterior division)

5- Radia (posterior division)

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20
Q

Nerve roots of the axillary nerve?

A

C5-C6

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21
Q

Nerve roots of musculocutaenous nerve?

A

C5- C7

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22
Q

Nerve roots of radial nerve?

A

C5- T1

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23
Q

Nerve roots of Median nerve?

A

C5- T1

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24
Q

Nerve roots of Ulnar nerve?

A

C8- T1

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25
Q

Nerve roots of Recurrrent branch of the median nerve?

A

C5- T1

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26
Q

Which nerve is injured fracture to the surgical neck of the humerous?

A

Axillary nerve

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27
Q

Which nerve is injured during an upper trunk compressino?

A

Musculocutaenous nerve

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28
Q

Which nerve is injured due to midshaft fracture of the humerus?

A

Radial

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29
Q

Nerve affected in saturday nigh palsy?

A

Radial nerve

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30
Q

Which nerve is injured with a supracondylar condylar fracture of humerus?

A

Median nerve

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31
Q

Which nerve is injured with a fracture of ,edial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Ulnar nerve

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32
Q

Which nerve is injured with a fractured hook of hamate?

A

Ulnar nerve

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33
Q

What are the symptoms of an injured musculocutaenous nerve?

A

Loss of forearm FLEXION and SUPINATION

Loss of Sensation over LATERAL FOREARM

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34
Q

Drop wrist?

A

Radial nerve

Loss of elbow, wrist and finger extension

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35
Q

“ape hand”/ “pope blessing”

A

Median nerve damage

Loss of flexion of wrist, and lateral fingers and thumb oposition

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36
Q

“ulnar claw” is a problem with the ulnar nerve causing the inability to…

A

loss of wrist flexion, flexion of medial fingers, abduction and adduction of fingers

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37
Q

Erb palsy is caused by damage to what structures?

A

Upper trung–> C5- C6 roots

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38
Q

What muscles are deficient due to a upper trunk lesion?

A

Deltoid, suprasinatus nfraspinatus, biceps brachii

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39
Q

What causes klumpke palsy?

A

Lower trunk damage–> C8- T1

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40
Q

What does a Klumpke palsy look like?

A

Claw hand

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41
Q

What does Erb’s palsy look like?

A

“waiter’s tip”

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42
Q

What muscles are deficienct in Klumpke palsy?

A

Intrisnic hand muscles–> abnormally flexed MCP and Extended DIP and PIP

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43
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Compression of lower trunk and subclavian vessels due to cervical rib fracture or Pancoast tumor

44
Q

What does injury to the long thoracic nerve cause?

A

Winged scapula

45
Q

What muscle deficit is seen in winged scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

46
Q

What muscle does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major

47
Q

What muscle does the medial pectoral nerve inervate?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

48
Q

What muscle does the middle subscapular (thoracodorsal) nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi

49
Q

What can cause an upper brachial plexus lesion?

A

head and shoulder are forcibly separated–> during delivery

50
Q

“inability to extend medial 2 fingers”

A

distal ulnar nerve injury

51
Q

“inability to flex lateral 3 finger”

A

proximal median nerve injury

52
Q

“inability to extend lateral 3 fingers?

A

distal median nerve injury

53
Q

“inability to flex medial 2 fingers”

A

proximal ulnar nerve injury

54
Q

Name the thenar muscles?

A

Opponenes poliicic
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

55
Q

What nerve are the thenar muscles innervated by?

A

Deep head of the ulnar nerve

56
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor Digiti minimi

57
Q

What muscles abduct the fingers?

A

Dorsal interossei

58
Q

What muscles adduct the fingers?

A

Palmar interossei

59
Q

What muscles flex the MCP joint and extend the PIP and DIP joints?

A

Lumbricles

60
Q

Nerves roots of the obturator nerve?

A

L2- L4

61
Q

Nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2- L4

62
Q

Nerve roots of the common peroneal?

A

L4- S2

63
Q

Nerve roots of the tibial nerve?

A

L4- S3

64
Q

Nerve roots of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4- S1

65
Q

Nerve roots of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5- S2

66
Q

What nerve is injured with fibrular neck fracture?

A

Common peroneal (L4- S2)

67
Q

Which nerve is injured?

Decreased flexion and leg extension

A

Femoral nerve

68
Q

Which nerve is injured in knee trauma or baker cyst?

A

Tibial (L4- S3)

69
Q

What nerve is injured with IM administration of drug into upper medial gluteal region?

A

Super gluteal (L4- S1)

70
Q

Which nerve injury has a (+) Trendelenberg sign?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

71
Q

What nerve is injured with posterior hip dislication?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5- S2)

72
Q

Which nerve injury results in difficulty climbing stairs and hard time rising from seated position?

A

Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)

73
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

74
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maxiums?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

75
Q

What innervates the perineum?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2- S4)

76
Q

What innervates the posterior thight?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

77
Q

What nerves does the sciatic nerve divide into ?

A

Common peroneal and the tibial

78
Q

Which nerve inverts and plantar flexes the foot?

A

Tibial

TIP

79
Q

Which nerve everts and dorsifexes the foot?

A

Common peroneal

PED

80
Q

Loss of sensation on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Common peroneal

81
Q

Loss of sensation on the sole of the foot?

A

Tibial nerve

82
Q

Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy:

Weak knee extension

A

L3- L4

83
Q

Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy:

Weak dorsiflexion/ heelwalking

A

L4- L5

84
Q

Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy:

Decreased patellar reflex

A

L3- L4

85
Q

Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy:

Weakness of plantarflexion

A

L5- S1

86
Q

Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy:

Decreased achilles reflex

A

L5- S1

87
Q

Name the level of the lumbosacral radiculopathy:

Difficulty in toe walking

A

L5- S1

88
Q

What is the artery paired with the long thoracic nerve?

A

Lateral thoracic artery

89
Q

What is the artery paired with the Axillary nerve?

A

Posterior circumflex

90
Q

What is the artery paired with the radial nerve?

A

Deep brachial

91
Q

What is the artery paired with the median nerve?

A

Brachial

92
Q

What is the artery paired with the tibial nerve?

A

Popliteal

AND

Posterior tibial

93
Q

What induces the release of Ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Depolarization of the dihydropyridine receptor which is mechanically coupled to to the ryanodine receptor on the sarcoplasmic reticulum

94
Q

What causes the conformation change that moves tropomyosin out of the muosin binding groove on actin?

A

Ca2+ binds troponin C and induces the change

95
Q

What allows for a power stroke on myosin?

A

Myosin release of ADP and P–> displacement of myosin on the acin filament

(ATP hydrolysis)

96
Q

Which bands shrinl during a power stroke?

A

H and I

Also between the Z line

97
Q

Which band remains the same during power stroke?

A

A band

98
Q

What causes detachment of myosin from the actin?

A

Binding of a new ATP molcule

99
Q

Which fibers are red?

A

Slow twitch–> increased mitochondria and myoglobin

Type I

100
Q

Which fibers are white?

A

Fast twitch–> increased anaerobic glycolysis

Type II

101
Q

What leads to muscle contraction in smooth muscle/

A

L type voltage gated Ca channel–> increased Ca-calmodulin complex–> increased Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)–> phosphorylated myosin and actin–> contractoin

102
Q

What leads to smooth muscle relaxation?

A

No–> increased cGMP–> increased Myosin light chain Phosphatase–> dephosphrylated myosin adn actin–> relazation

103
Q

What are the steps of endochondrial ossification?

A

Cartilagenous model–> Woven bone–> lamellar bone

104
Q

What are the steps of membranous ossification?

A

Woven bone–> lamellar bone

105
Q

Whoch bones are fored by membranous ossification?

A

Bones of calvarium and facial bones

106
Q

What do osteoblasts differentiate from?

A

mesenchymal stem cells

107
Q

What do osteoclasts differentiate from?

A

monocytes and macrophages

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