Structure Of DNA And RNA Flashcards
What are ribosomes formed from
RNA and proteins
What are both DNA and RNA polymers of
Nucleotides
What is each nucleotide formed from
A pentose
What are the components of a DNA nucleotide
Deoxyribose
phosphate group
and one of the organic bases adenine,cytosine,guanine or thymine
What are all of the organic bases
Adenine,cytosine,guanine,or thymine
What are the components of an RNA nucleotide
Are ribose,
a phosphate group,
and one of the organic bases adenine,cytosine,guanine,uracil
What is DNA and what is it made up of
A polymer. Which is made up of nucleotide molecules joined together by phosphodiester bonds
What type of structure is dna
A double helix structure
.the chains twist into a helical shape
What are the bonds between bases known as
Complementary based pairing: adenine forms 2 hydrogen bonds with thymine and cytosine forms 3 hydrogen bonds with guanine.
Where are the sugar and phosphates on the structure
The sugar and phosphates are on the outside of the structure and is known as a sugar phosphate back bone
The strands are anti parallel,what does this mean
They run in the opposite direction of each other
What is the structural advantage of DNA being long
Tires alot of information
What is the structural advantage of DNA being helical
It is compact
What is the structural advantage of DNA being double stranded
Each strand acts as a template for DNA replication
What is the structural advantage of DNA having a sugar phosphate background
Provide strength and stability and protects the bases within the helix
What is the structural advantage of DNA having weak hydrogen bonds between bases
Easily broken (unzipped) for DNA replication of protein synthesis
What is the structural advantage of DNA having lots of hydrogen bonds
Makes the molecule stable
What is the pentose sugar in RNA
Ribose
What are the four possible bases for RNA
Uracil,adenine,guanine or cytosine
What are the three types of RNA
mRNA,tRNA, and rRNA
What is mRNA
A single stranded straight chained molecule,made of bases,which are read in triplets called codons
What is tRNA
A single strand of RNA folded in many places forming complementary base pairs
It has an amino acid binding site and a triplet of bases called an anticodon
What is the shape of tRNA described as
A clover leaf
Where is rRNA found
In the cytoplasm along with a protein molecule,it forms ribosoems
How many strands does DNA have
Two
How many strands does RNA have
One
What is the length of dna
Very long
What is the length of RNA
Relatively short
What does DNA do
Stores genetic information
What does RNA do
Transfers genetic information in the formation in of proteins and helps form ribosomes
What are the bonds between nucleotides from
Phosphodiester bonds
How many polynucleotide chains does DNA contain
Two polynucleotide chains joined together by hydrogen bonding between the bases
How many hydrogen bonds does adenine form with thymine
2
How many hydrogen bonds does cytosine form with guanine
3
