photosynthesis, respiration and ATP pt.2 Flashcards
what does ATP do to minimise energy wasted as heat
releases energy in small manageable amount
how can ATP be easily transported around the cell
it is a small soluble molecule
what can ATP do as a result of is being easily broken down
energy can be released instantaneously
how can ATP make other molecules more reactive
by transferring one of its phosphate groups (phosphorylation)
what can ATP NOT do which leads to an immediate supply of energy
it cannot pass out of the cell
what are all the properties of ATP
stores or releases a small, manageable amount of energy at a time
easily broken down
it can be quickly remade
it can make other molecules more reactive
ATP cant pass out of the cell
what is a metabolic pathway
a series of small reactions controlled by enzymes e.g. respiration and photosynthesis
what is phosphorylation
adding phosphate to a molecule e.g. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP
what is photophosphorylation
adding phosphate to a molecule using light
what is photolysis
the splitting (lysis) of a molecule using light (photo) energy
what is photonisation
when light energy excites electrons in an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released. The release of electrons causes the atom or molecule to become a positively charged ion
what is hydrolysis
the splitting (lysis) of a molecule using water (hydro)
what is decarboxylation
the removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule
what is dehydrogenation
the removal of hydrogen from a molecule
what are redox reactions
reactions that involve oxidation and reduction
what is a coenzyme
a coenzyme is a molecule that aids the function of an enzyme
how do co enzymes work
by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another
what is a co enzyme in photosynthesis called
NADP
what does NADP do
NADP transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another- this means it can reduce (give hydrogen to) or oxidise (take hydrogen out) from a molecule
what are examples of respirational co enzymes
NAD, coenzyme A and FAD
what do NAD and FAD do
NAD and FAD transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another- this means that they can reduce or oxidise a molecule
what does co enzyme A do
transfers acetate between molecules
what is reducing
giving hydrogen to a molecule
what is oxidisation
taking hydrogen from a a molecule
what does something gain if it is reduced
electrons, and may have gained hydrogen or lost oxygen
if something is oxidised what does it lose
it loses electrons and may have lost hydrogen or gained oxygen
what does oxidation of one molecule always result inn
reduction of another molecule
