Immune System And Response PT.2 Flashcards
What are b cells
Another type of white blood cell
What are b cells covered in
Antibodies proteins that bind antigens to form an antigen-antibody complex
Why do different b cells have to bind to different shapes antigens
As each b cell has a diff shaped antibody
What is the first step of plasma cell production
When the antibody on the surface of a B-cell meets a complementary shaped antigen ,it binds to it
What is the second step of plasma cell production
This,together with substances released from helper t cells,activates the b cel.this process is called clonal selection
What is teh third step of plasma cell production
The activated b cell divides into plasma cells
What are plasma cells identical to and why
They are identical to the b cell as they are clones
What do plasma cells secrete
Many antibodies specific to the antigen,these are called monoclonal antibodies.
What do monoclonal antibodies do
They bind to the antigens on the surface of the pathogen to form bare antigen-antibody complexes
How many binding sites does an antibody have and why
Two so they can bond to two pathogens at the same time
Why does binding two antigens at the same time result in
Them clumping together,this is called agglunation
What do phagocytes do when agglunation occurs
They bind to the antibodies and phagocytose many pathogens at once
What does phagocytes completing phagocytose in agglunation result in
This leads to the destruction of pathogens carrying this antigen in the body
What actually are antibodies and what are they made of
They are proteins made up of chains of amino acids
What does the specificity of an antibody depend on
The variable regions which form the antigen binding sites
