digestion and absorption

Question 1

during digestion what happens to large biological molecules

Answer 1

they are hydrolysed into smaller molecules

Question 2

what are digestive enzymes produced by

Answer 2

specialized cells in the mammals to catalyse the breakdown

Question 3

why are different enzymes needed

Answer 3

enzymes are specific to substrates so different enzymes are needed

Question 4

what are all the parts of the digestion system

Answer 4

tongue,salivary glands,oesophegus,lobe of liver,stomach,pancreas,transverse limb of the large intestine,ascending limb of the large intestine,descending limb of the large intestine,small intestine (ileum),rectum,anus

Question 5

what is starch hydrolysed by

Answer 5

amylase

Question 6

what is amylase produced by

Answer 6

salivary glands which release into the mouth

Question 7

what is amylase also produced by

Answer 7

the pancreas which is released into the ileum (small intestine)

Question 8

what are membrane bound disaccharides attached to

Answer 8

the membranes of epithelial cells in the ileum

Question 9

what do membrane bound disaccharides break down

Answer 9

maltose,into monosaccharides

Question 10

what are lipids hydrolysed to

Answer 10

monoglycerides and fatty acids catalyzed by lipase

Question 11

where are lipases made and where do they work

Answer 11

made in the pancreas and work in the small intestine

Question 12

what are bile salts produced by

Answer 12

the liver

Question 13

what happens to bile salts after being produced

Answer 13

they emulsify large droplets of lipids into small droplets with a larger surface area for lipases to work on

Question 14

what do monoglycerides and fatty acids form

Answer 14

micelles with the bile salts

Question 15

what are proteins hydrolysed by

Answer 15

protease, endopeptidases,and exopeptidases

Question 16

what do proteins become when hydrolysed

Answer 16

amino acids

Question 17

what do endopeptidases do

Answer 17

hydrolyse bonds within a protein

Question 18

where are trypsin and chromotrypsin made and where do they work

Answer 18

they are made in the pancreas and work in the small intestine

Question 19

where is pepsin released

Answer 19

the stomach

Question 20

under what conditions does pepsin work

Answer 20

acidic conditions,using the HCL in the stomach

Question 21

what do exopeptidases do

Answer 21

hydrolyse the bonds at the end of proteins to remove single amino acids

Question 22

where are dipeptidases located

Answer 22

on the cell surface membrane of epithelial cells in the small intestine

Question 23

what do dipeptidases do

Answer 23

separate dipeptides into two amino acids