digestion and absorbtion

Question 1

large biological molecule e.g. starch are very big,what does this mean they are unable to do

Answer 1

they are unable to cross the cell membrane so cannot be absorbed from the gut into the blood

Question 2

during digestion large molecules are broken down into smaller molecule, e.g.____

Answer 2

glucose and amino acids

Question 3

what can these smaller broken down ,molecules do that larger molecules cannot

Answer 3

they can move across cell membranes so they can be easily absorbed from the gut into the blood to be transported into around the body for use by the body cells

Question 4

what are most larger molecules

Answer 4

polymers

Question 5

how can large biological molecules be broken down

Answer 5

hydrolysis

Question 6

what is added in hydrolysis reactions to break bonds

Answer 6

water

Question 7

during hydrolysis what are carbohydrates broken down into

Answer 7

disaccharides and then monosaccharides

Question 8

what are fats broken down into

Answer 8

fatty acids and triglycerides

Question 9

what are proteins broken down into

Answer 9

amino acids

Question 10

what are digestive enzymes used to do

Answer 10

break down biological molecules in food

Question 11

what are a variety of different digestive enzymes produced by

Answer 11

specialised cells in the digestive systems of mammals

Question 12

where are digestive enzymes released into after being produced

Answer 12

they are released into the gut

Question 13

since enzymes only work with specific substrates,what is needed to catalyse the breakdown of different food molecules

Answer 13

different enzymes

Question 14

what are carbohydrates broken down by

Answer 14

amylase and membrane bound disaccharides

Question 15

what is amylase

Answer 15

a digestive enzyme that catalyses the conversion of starch inot the smaller sugar maltose

Question 16

what is starch converted into when amylase is used

Answer 16

maltose

Question 17

what does the conversion of starch into maltose include

Answer 17

amylase, and the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds in starch

Question 18

what is amylase produced by

Answer 18

salivary glands and the pancreas

Question 19

where does the pancreas release amylase

Answer 19

into the small intestine

Question 20

where do the salivary glands release amylase

Answer 20

the mouth

Question 21

what are membrane bound disaccharides

Answer 21

enzymes that are attached to the cell membranes of the epithelial cells lining the ileum

Question 22

what is the ileum

Answer 22

the final part of the small intestine

Question 23

what do membrane bound disaccharides do

Answer 23

they help to break down disaccharides into monosaccharides involving the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds

Question 24

what are examples of disaccharides breaking down into their monosaccharides in the digestion system

Answer 24

Disaccharides:maltose sucrose and lactose

Monosaccharides:glucose fructose and galactose

Question 25

how are monosaccharides transported across cell membranes of the ileum epithelial cells

Answer 25

via specific transport proteins