Respiration Flashcards
what are the two types of respiration
The two types of respiration are aerobic (requires oxygen) and anaerobic (doesn’t require oxygen).
what do both types of respiration produce
both produce ATP though anaerobic produces less
what do both respirations start with
Both start with the process of glycolysis
The stages after glycolysis differ.
What does glycolysis make from glucose
pyruvate
what does glyclyosis involve
splitting one molecule of glucose (with 6
carbons — 6C) into two smaller molecules of pyruvate (3C).
where does the process of glycolysis happen
the cytoplasm of cells
what is glycolysis the first stage of
Glycolysis is the first stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
and doesn’t need oxygen to take place — so it’s an anaerobic process.
what are both the stages of glycolysis
phosphorylation and oxidation
overall what occurs in both stages
First, ATP is used to phosphorylate glucose to triose phosphate.
Overall there’s a net gain of 2 A TP and 2 reduced NAD.
what are all the steps to phosphorylation
Glucose is phosphorylat ed using a phosphate from a m olecule of ATP. This creates 1 molecule o f glucose phosphate and 1 m olecule of A DP. 2) ATP is then used to add another phosphate, forming he xose bisphosphate. 3) Hexose bisphosphate is then split into 2 molecules of triose phosphate.
what are all the steps to oxidation
Triose phosphate is oxidised
(loses hydrogen), forming
2 molecules of pyruvate.
2) N A D collects the hydrogen
ions, forming 2 re duced N A D.
3) 4 ATP are produced, but 2 were used up in
stage one, so there’s a net gain of 2 ATP.
what occurs in aerobic respiration
1) The two molecules
of reduced N A D
go to oxidative
phosphorylation
2) The two pyruvate molecules are actively transported into the matrix of the mitochon dria for the link reaction
what does pyruvate convert to in anaerobic respiration
ethanol or lactate
how does pyruvate convert to ethanol and lactate
In anaerobic respiration, the pyruvate produced in glycolysis is converted into ethanol (in plants and yeast) or lactate (in animal cells and some bacteria) using reduced NAD:
what does the production of ethanol or lactate regenerate
The production of ethanol or lactate regenerates oxidised NAD. This means glycolysis can continue even when there isn't much oxygen around, so a small amount of ATP can still be produced to keep some biological processes going... clever.
