preggo changes psycho and systemic y know - Sheet1 Flashcards
What is the psychological task during the first trimester of pregnancy?
The psychological task is to accept the reality of pregnancy. A common reaction is ambivalence, where the person feels both pleased and not pleased about the pregnancy.
What are common feelings during the first trimester?
Common feelings include ambivalence, anxiety, and confusion, as the person adjusts to the pregnancy.
How can a nurse assess a person’s acceptance of their pregnancy in the first trimester?
Nurses can assess a person’s acceptance of pregnancy by observing their reactions and feelings, such as ambivalence or anxiety.
What is the psychological task during the second trimester of pregnancy?
The psychological task is to accept that they are having a baby.
How can a nurse measure the level of acceptance of the pregnancy in the second trimester?
Nurses can measure the level of acceptance by observing how well the person follows prenatal instructions and commits to lifestyle modifications.
What is the psychological task during the third trimester of pregnancy?
The psychological task is preparing for parenthood.
What activities are common during the third trimester?
Common activities include “nest building,” such as planning the infant’s sleeping arrangements and choosing a name.
What are presumptive symptoms of pregnancy (subjective signs)?
Nausea/vomiting, breast changes, fatigue, amenorrhea (no period), quickening (feeling fetal movement).
What are probable signs of pregnancy (objective signs)?
hCG serum test/positive urine pregnancy test (UPT), uterine signs (Chadwick sign, Goodell sign, Hegar sign), breast changes, uterine enlargement.
What are the positive signs of pregnancy (definitive signs)?
1) Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound, 2) Fetal heart audible, 3) Fetal movement felt by RN.
When is the fundal height at the umbilicus during pregnancy?
By the 20th-22nd week of pregnancy.
When is the fundal height at the xiphoid process during pregnancy?
By the 36th week of pregnancy.
What is “lightening” in pregnancy?
Lightening occurs at around 38 weeks when the fetus settles into the midpelvis.
What are the physiological changes in the endocrine system during pregnancy?
Placenta produces estrogen, progesterone, hCG; pituitary produces prolactin and oxytocin; thyroid increases basal metabolic rate; adrenal glands increase cortisol; pancreas produces more insulin but is less effective.
What are the immune system changes during pregnancy?
Decreased immunologic competency, increased white blood cell count.
What are integumentary system changes during pregnancy?
Striae (stretch marks), diastasis (abdominal muscle separation), linea nigra (brown line), melasma (pregnancy mask).
What are respiratory changes during pregnancy?
Marked congestion or stuffiness, increased respiratory rate, increased tidal volume, chronic shortness of breath.
How does temperature change during pregnancy?
Body temperature increases slightly.
What are cardiovascular system changes during pregnancy?
Increased heart rate, cardiac output, blood volume; decrease in BP in the second trimester; increased blood clotting factors; increased iron and folic acid needs.
What are gastrointestinal system changes during pregnancy?
Nausea/vomiting, heartburn, constipation, flatulence, hemorrhoids, bleeding gums, tooth decay.
What are urinary system changes during pregnancy?
Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine output, urine stasis (increased risk of bladder infections and pyelonephritis), fluid retention.
What are musculoskeletal system changes during pregnancy?
Increased need for calcium and phosphorus, softening of pelvic ligaments and joints, changes in posture and center of gravity.
