peds: joint disorders Flashcards
What is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)?
Chronic arthritis in children <16 years, lasting >6 weeks, with joint swelling, pain, or stiffness.
What are the four types of JIA?
Polyarticular, Oligoarticular, Systemic, Enthesitis-related.
What characterizes polyarticular JIA?
5+ inflamed joints, often symmetrical, involving weight-bearing joints and small joints of the hands.
What characterizes oligoarticular JIA?
<5 inflamed joints, mainly large weight-bearing joints (knees, ankles), more common in females.
What characterizes systemic JIA?
Persistent fevers (103°F+), salmon-colored rash.
What characterizes enthesitis-related JIA?
Involves ligament attachments & spine, joint pain without swelling, back pain & stiffness.
What assessments are needed for JIA?
Fever, rash, joint stiffness/pain, slit lamp evaluation for eye concerns.
What are nursing interventions for JIA?
Long-term management, therapy, ADL modifications.
What is muscular dystrophy (MD)?
A group of 30+ genetic diseases causing progressive muscle degeneration.
What is the most common type of MD?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
What is an early sign of MD?
Delayed motor milestones.
Who is most at risk for Duchenne MD?
Males, typically diagnosed by age 3.
What are nursing interventions for MD?
Long-term care, safety, resource guidance.
What is a fracture?
A break in a bone, common in children.
What is the most common type of fracture in children?
Greenstick fracture (due to porous, resilient bones).
Why are fractures at the epiphyseal line concerning?
They can alter growth.
What are serious types of fractures?
Compound (breaks through skin), Comminuted (fragmented).
What are common fracture sites in children?
Forearm, elbow, femur (often due to MVAs).
What should always be assessed in pediatric fractures?
Possible maltreatment/abuse.
What are nursing interventions for fractures?
X-ray, pain control, care management, tetanus vaccine evaluation.
What is spina bifida?
A neural tube defect where the spinal cord fails to close properly, leading to disability.
What is the most severe form of spina bifida?
Myelomeningocele.
When does spina bifida develop?
Around day 28 in utero.
What deficiency is linked to spina bifida?
Folic acid deficiency.
What are risk factors for spina bifida?
Folic acid deficiency, maternal age <20 or >40, low SES, maternal DM, obesity, medication use.
How is spina bifida assessed?
Prenatal screening.
What are nursing interventions for spina bifida?
Education on prevention, long-term care, and management.
