families_ principles of childhood G&D pt 2 - Sheet1 Flashcards
Why are accurate growth and development measurements important?
They provide consistent tracking of a child’s progress, help identify concerns early, and require calibrated equipment, proper positioning, and minimal clothing for accuracy.
What should be considered when measuring a child’s growth?
Thorough medical and family history, removing diapers and emptying pockets, using calibrated equipment, and ensuring proper positioning.
What is prematurity?
Birth before 37 weeks of gestation.
What are the categories of prematurity?
Late preterm (34–36 weeks), moderate preterm (32–33 weeks), very preterm (28–31 weeks), extremely preterm (<28 weeks).
What is adjusted (corrected) age?
The age that accounts for the time the baby missed in utero, used to assess growth and developmental milestones.
How is adjusted age calculated?
Chronological age - weeks or months premature = adjusted age.
Until what age is corrected age used?
Typically used until 2–3 years of age.
What is Tanner Staging (Sexual Maturity Rating - SMR)?
A standardized system to assess physical development in children and adolescents during puberty.
Why is Tanner Staging important?
It helps determine if sexual development is appropriate for age, identifies precocious or delayed puberty, and provides a baseline for further evaluation.
What are the five stages of Tanner Staging?
- Prepubertal, 2. Early Puberty, 3. Mid-pubertal, 4. Late Puberty, 5. Mature Adult.
What are the steps for conducting an SMR evaluation?
Assure privacy and obtain consent, perform physical assessment, document findings clearly.
What areas are assessed in Tanner Staging for females?
Breast development and pubic hair.
What areas are assessed in Tanner Staging for males?
Genital development (penis, scrotum, testes) and pubic hair.
Why is it important to consider cultural and religious beliefs during SMR evaluation?
To maintain professionalism and sensitivity, ensuring the child’s comfort and respect for their values.
What should nurses explain to parents about developmental variability?
Variability is normal, and children progress at different rates.
What are key principles of growth and development?
It is a continuous process, proceeds in an orderly sequence, and passes through predictable stages at different rates.
Do all body systems develop at the same rate?
No, they develop at different rates.
What developmental pattern does growth follow?
Cephalocaudal (head to toe) and gross to fine motor skills.
Why are neonatal reflexes important for development?
They must be lost before further development can proceed.
How are skills and behaviors learned?
Through practice and experience during optimal times.
What are developmental milestones?
Skills or behaviors most children achieve by a specific age, used to assess growth and development.
What are the four main domains of development?
Gross motor, fine motor, language/communication, and social/emotional.
Give examples of gross motor milestones.
Crawling, walking, running.
Give examples of fine motor milestones.
Grasping, writing, using utensils.
What are language/communication milestones?
Speech, understanding, and social communication.
What are social/emotional milestones?
Interactions, self-regulation, and forming relationships.
Why is early identification of developmental delays important?
It improves outcomes with timely interventions.
What tools are used to assess development?
Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).
Name three major developmental theories.
Erikson (psychosocial), Piaget (cognitive), Kohlberg (moral).
How do developmental theories apply to nursing care?
They guide communication, patient education, and family support by tailoring care to the child’s developmental stage.
What are social learning theories?
They explain how children learn attitudes, beliefs, and customs through social interactions.
How do children learn behaviors according to social learning theory?
By imitating behaviors they observe and repeating those that are positively reinforced.
What is the concept of self-efficacy?
The belief that one can produce desired events through their actions.
