families_ principles of childhood G&D pt 2 - Sheet1

Question 1

Why are accurate growth and development measurements important?

Answer 1

They provide consistent tracking of a child’s progress, help identify concerns early, and require calibrated equipment, proper positioning, and minimal clothing for accuracy.

Question 2

What should be considered when measuring a child’s growth?

Answer 2

Thorough medical and family history, removing diapers and emptying pockets, using calibrated equipment, and ensuring proper positioning.

Question 3

What is prematurity?

Answer 3

Birth before 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 4

What are the categories of prematurity?

Answer 4

Late preterm (34–36 weeks), moderate preterm (32–33 weeks), very preterm (28–31 weeks), extremely preterm (<28 weeks).

Question 5

What is adjusted (corrected) age?

Answer 5

The age that accounts for the time the baby missed in utero, used to assess growth and developmental milestones.

Question 6

How is adjusted age calculated?

Answer 6

Chronological age - weeks or months premature = adjusted age.

Question 7

Until what age is corrected age used?

Answer 7

Typically used until 2–3 years of age.

Question 8

What is Tanner Staging (Sexual Maturity Rating - SMR)?

Answer 8

A standardized system to assess physical development in children and adolescents during puberty.

Question 9

Why is Tanner Staging important?

Answer 9

It helps determine if sexual development is appropriate for age, identifies precocious or delayed puberty, and provides a baseline for further evaluation.

Question 10

What are the five stages of Tanner Staging?

Answer 10

1. Prepubertal, 2. Early Puberty, 3. Mid-pubertal, 4. Late Puberty, 5. Mature Adult.

Question 11

What are the steps for conducting an SMR evaluation?

Answer 11

Assure privacy and obtain consent, perform physical assessment, document findings clearly.

Question 12

What areas are assessed in Tanner Staging for females?

Answer 12

Breast development and pubic hair.

Question 13

What areas are assessed in Tanner Staging for males?

Answer 13

Genital development (penis, scrotum, testes) and pubic hair.

Question 14

Why is it important to consider cultural and religious beliefs during SMR evaluation?

Answer 14

To maintain professionalism and sensitivity, ensuring the child’s comfort and respect for their values.

Question 15

What should nurses explain to parents about developmental variability?

Answer 15

Variability is normal, and children progress at different rates.

Question 16

What are key principles of growth and development?

Answer 16

It is a continuous process, proceeds in an orderly sequence, and passes through predictable stages at different rates.

Question 17

Do all body systems develop at the same rate?

Answer 17

No, they develop at different rates.

Question 18

What developmental pattern does growth follow?

Answer 18

Cephalocaudal (head to toe) and gross to fine motor skills.

Question 19

Why are neonatal reflexes important for development?

Answer 19

They must be lost before further development can proceed.

Question 20

How are skills and behaviors learned?

Answer 20

Through practice and experience during optimal times.

Question 21

What are developmental milestones?

Answer 21

Skills or behaviors most children achieve by a specific age, used to assess growth and development.

Question 22

What are the four main domains of development?

Answer 22

Gross motor, fine motor, language/communication, and social/emotional.

Question 23

Give examples of gross motor milestones.

Answer 23

Crawling, walking, running.

Question 24

Give examples of fine motor milestones.

Answer 24

Grasping, writing, using utensils.

Question 25

What are language/communication milestones?

Answer 25

Speech, understanding, and social communication.

Question 26

What are social/emotional milestones?

Answer 26

Interactions, self-regulation, and forming relationships.

Question 27

Why is early identification of developmental delays important?

Answer 27

It improves outcomes with timely interventions.

Question 28

What tools are used to assess development?

Answer 28

Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).

Question 29

Name three major developmental theories.

Answer 29

Erikson (psychosocial), Piaget (cognitive), Kohlberg (moral).

Question 30

How do developmental theories apply to nursing care?

Answer 30

They guide communication, patient education, and family support by tailoring care to the child’s developmental stage.

Question 31

What are social learning theories?

Answer 31

They explain how children learn attitudes, beliefs, and customs through social interactions.

Question 32

How do children learn behaviors according to social learning theory?

Answer 32

By imitating behaviors they observe and repeating those that are positively reinforced.

Question 33

What is the concept of self-efficacy?

Answer 33

The belief that one can produce desired events through their actions.