neuro cog disorders Flashcards
What are common causes of pediatric neurological disorders?
Congenital disorders, infection, trauma.
Why are neurological disorders significant in pediatrics?
Neural tissue doesn’t regenerate; can be life-threatening or life-altering.
What are primary nursing goals in caring for children with neurological disorders?
Comfort, education, long-term care, prevention.
What are early signs of pediatric neurological disorders?
Limping, behavioral changes, academic decline.
Why is health history essential in neuro assessments?
In-utero injuries, developmental milestones, and behavior give important clues.
How long does a thorough neuro exam typically take?
At least 20 minutes.
What are general signs and symptoms of neuro concerns in children?
Headache, unsteady gait, lethargy, bulging fontanelles, muscle spasticity, projectile vomiting, unequal pupils, neck pain.
What are the six components of a neurological assessment?
- Cerebral function, 2. Cranial nerve function, 3. Cerebellar function, 4. Motor, 5. Sensory, 6. Reflex.
What is assessed under cerebral function?
LOC, orientation, recall, memory.
What does a cranial nerve assessment include?
Function of CN I-XII.
What does cerebellar function testing involve?
Balance and coordination.
What does motor assessment include?
Muscle size, tone, strength, symmetry.
What is evaluated during sensory assessment?
Light touch, pain, vibration, temperature.
What are examples of reflexes checked in neuro exams?
Deep tendon and newborn reflexes.
What are common diagnostic tests for neuro disorders?
Lumbar puncture, ventricular trap, imaging (MRI/CT), nuclear medicine.
What interventions promote neurological health in children?
Prenatal care, screenings, immunizations, injury prevention, early intervention.
What is increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
A group of signs/symptoms indicating neurological involvement.
What are signs of increased ICP in children?
Headache, irritability, restlessness, decreased HR/RR, increased BP/temp, strabismus, nystagmus, “sunset eyes”, absent “doll’s eye” reflex.
What is the “doll’s eye” reflex and its significance?
Reflex where eyes move opposite to head movement; absence indicates neuro impairment.
Why is monitoring vital signs and pupil response important in ICP?
Changes may indicate worsening pressure or brain involvement.
