autism - down syndrome Flashcards
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A developmental disorder characterized by behavioral, social, and communication challenges.
What are the main subtypes of ASD?
Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder.
When do symptoms of ASD usually appear?
Symptoms typically begin in infancy and progress during toddler years.
What are common symptoms of ASD?
Language delays, limited eye contact, and difficulty with social interactions.
Do vaccines cause ASD?
No, vaccines do not cause ASD.
What was the Wakefield study?
A study with a sample size of 12 that falsely suggested a link between vaccines and ASD (later discredited).
What is the M-CHAT?
The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, a screening tool for early detection of autism in children aged 16–30 months.
How does the M-CHAT work?
It consists of 20 yes/no questions filled out by parents, focusing on social, emotional, and communication behaviors.
What are the outcomes of M-CHAT?
Low Risk → Routine monitoring, Medium Risk → Follow-up interview, High Risk → Immediate referral to early intervention or a specialist.
What role does the nurse play in ASD screening?
Educate caregivers about the importance of early screening, administer or assist with M-CHAT, identify red flags, and advocate for early intervention.
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
A neurobiologic condition marked by inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity.
What factors contribute to ADHD?
A combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors.
Which gender is more commonly diagnosed with ADHD?
Males > Females, though some suggest this could be due to social norms.
What are the three major behaviors associated with ADHD?
Inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity.
What should be considered when prescribing ADHD medication?
The potential for misuse of ADHD medications.
What is Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)?
A chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
How common is Down syndrome?
It occurs in 1 in 800 pregnancies, with a higher incidence in mothers >35 years old (1 in 100 live births).
What are some distinct physical features of Down syndrome?
Flattened face, almond-shaped eyes, and short stature.
What is a key characteristic in the diagnosis of Down syndrome?
It can be diagnosed via sonogram during pregnancy.
What cognitive challenges are common in Down syndrome?
Some degree of cognitive impairment is typical, but the severity varies.
What congenital heart disease is associated with Down syndrome?
Atrioventricular defect (AVD).
What other health concerns are common in Down syndrome?
Suppressed immune functioning, and an increased risk of leukemia.
