families_ principles of childhood G&D pt 3 - Sheet1

Question 1

What is Erikson’s stage for infancy?

Answer 1

Trust vs. Mistrust – Caregiver consistency and nurturing are crucial for trust formation.

Question 2

What is Erikson’s stage for toddlers?

Answer 2

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt – Encouraging independence while providing safe boundaries.

Question 3

What is Erikson’s stage for preschool-aged children?

Answer 3

Initiative vs. Guilt – Fostering creativity and initiative through play and praise.

Question 4

What is Erikson’s stage for school-age children?

Answer 4

Industry vs. Inferiority – Supporting skill development and self-esteem through positive reinforcement.

Question 5

What is Erikson’s stage for adolescence?

Answer 5

Identity vs. Role Confusion – Helping adolescents explore their identity while supporting independence.

Question 6

What is Erikson’s stage for young adulthood?

Answer 6

Intimacy vs. Isolation – Highlighting the importance of meaningful relationships.

Question 7

What is Erikson’s stage for middle adulthood?

Answer 7

Generativity vs. Stagnation – Encouraging purpose through career, parenting, or community involvement.

Question 8

What is Erikson’s stage for older adulthood?

Answer 8

Integrity vs. Despair – Promoting reflection and life satisfaction.

Question 9

What is Piaget’s theory of cognitive development about?

Answer 9

It focuses on how thinking and reasoning evolve over time.

Question 10

What is the Sensorimotor Stage in Piaget’s theory?

Answer 10

(0–2 years) Learning occurs through sensory exploration and motor actions; stimulation through toys and interaction is important.

Question 11

What is the Preoperational Stage in Piaget’s theory?

Answer 11

(2–7 years) Egocentric thinking; difficulty understanding other perspectives; use simple explanations when communicating.

Question 12

What is the Concrete Operational Stage in Piaget’s theory?

Answer 12

(7–11 years) Logical thinking develops with better understanding of cause and effect; hands-on learning is effective.

Question 13

What is the Formal Operational Stage in Piaget’s theory?

Answer 13

(12+ years) Abstract and hypothetical reasoning develops; adolescents and adults should participate in decision-making.

Question 14

What are the stages of Kohlberg’s Preconventional Level?

Answer 14

Stage 1: Obedience to avoid punishment; Stage 2: Actions based on self-interest or rewards.

Question 15

How can nurses apply Kohlberg’s Preconventional Level?

Answer 15

Use positive reinforcement and clear consequences for behavior.

Question 16

What are the stages of Kohlberg’s Conventional Level?

Answer 16

Stage 3: Seeking approval from others; Stage 4: Adhering to laws and social rules.

Question 17

How can nurses apply Kohlberg’s Conventional Level?

Answer 17

Emphasize the importance of social roles and responsibilities.

Question 18

What are the stages of Kohlberg’s Postconventional Level?

Answer 18

Stage 5: Recognizing social contracts and individual rights; Stage 6: Adhering to universal ethical principles.

Question 19

How can nurses apply Kohlberg’s Postconventional Level?

Answer 19

Support ethical decision-making and respect for diverse values.

Question 20

What is therapeutic play?

Answer 20

A collaborative effort between nurses, child life therapists, and parents to support normal development.

Question 21

What are the purposes of therapeutic play?

Answer 21

Helps the child learn about healthcare, express anxieties, work through feelings, and achieve control.