peds: infectious disease Flashcards
What causes varicella (chickenpox)?
Viral illness with a 10-21 day incubation period; vaccine-preventable.
What are the symptoms of varicella?
Macules, papules, vesicles appearing in crops (trunk to extremities), pruritic rash, fever.
Who is at risk for varicella?
Unvaccinated individuals.
What are the nursing interventions for varicella?
Airborne and contact precautions, pruritus control, educate on potential shingles reactivation.
What causes rubella (German measles)?
Viral illness with a 14-day incubation period; transmitted through direct and indirect droplet contact.
What are the symptoms of rubella?
Pink-red maculopapular rash (face → trunk → extremities), fever, joint pain.
Who is at risk for rubella?
Unvaccinated individuals, seasonal occurrence in spring.
Why is rubella dangerous in pregnancy?
Can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus.
What are the nursing interventions for rubella?
Droplet precautions for 7 days after rash onset, vaccine education.
What causes erythema infectiosum (Fifth Disease)?
Parvovirus B19, transmitted via respiratory secretions, blood exposure, or vertically in utero.
What are the symptoms of Fifth Disease?
“Slapped cheek” rash, circumoral pallor, self-limiting course.
When are you at risk for Fifth Disease?
Seasonal (late winter to spring).
Why is Fifth Disease dangerous in pregnancy?
Risk of fetal complications.
What are the nursing interventions for Fifth Disease?
Supportive care, droplet precautions.
What causes rubeola (measles)?
Viral illness spread via droplets or airborne transmission; vaccine-preventable.
What are the key symptoms of rubeola?
3 C’s (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis), Koplik spots, maculopapular rash (starts behind ear, spreads downward).
Who is at risk for rubeola?
Unvaccinated individuals, contact with infected persons.
What are the nursing interventions for rubeola?
Early detection, comfort measures, airborne precautions, vaccine education.
What causes infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), transmitted via saliva, incubation 4-7 weeks.
What are the symptoms of mono?
Fever, cervical adenopathy, pharyngitis with palatal petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly.
Who is at risk for mono?
Adolescents and young adults (15-24 years old).
Why is splenic involvement a concern for mono?
Risk of rupture; no contact sports for 4-6 weeks.
What causes pertussis (whooping cough)?
Bordetella pertussis bacteria; vaccine-preventable (DTaP and Tdap).
What are the symptoms of pertussis?
URI symptoms progressing to paroxysmal cough with inspiratory “whoop,” post-tussive emesis.
