peds objective data assessment Flashcards
What is the normal temperature range for children?
97-100.4°F
What are the normal temperature values for different methods?
Axillary: 97.6°F, Oral/Tympanic: 98.6°F, Rectal: 99.6°F
What vital signs are associated with elevated temperature?
Increased pulse and respiratory rate
How does pulse rate change with age?
It slows as the child grows older.
How should pulse rate be assessed in children under one year?
Apical pulse should be used.
What factors influence respiratory rate in children?
It increases with crying.
At what age should blood pressure be routinely measured?
Age 3 years and older.
What are the key body measurements in pediatric assessment?
Height, weight, growth chart/BMI, head circumference (until 24 months), chest/abdominal circumference (measured along nipple and umbilicus lines).
What are the key anthropometric measurements?
Weight (measured using an infant or standing scale), head circumference (measured twice with paper tape), and BMI.
How should head circumference be measured?
Use a paper tape, measure twice, up to age 2-3 years, around the supraorbital and occipital prominences.
What are the BMI percentiles to monitor?
Less than 5th percentile (underweight), greater than 85th percentile (overweight), greater than 95th percentile (obese).
What is the BMI formula?
Weight (lbs) / height (in) / height (in) × 703 = BMI
What should be assessed in the head and face?
Shape of head and face, symmetry, and facial features.
When do fontanelles close?
Posterior closes around 2 months, anterior closes between 7-18 months.
What conditions require evaluation if fontanelle closure is early or delayed?
Craniosynostosis, hypothyroidism, achondroplasia.
What conditions may cause bulging or sunken fontanelles?
Encephalitis, meningitis, pressure or bleeding in the brain.
What hearing assessments are used in children?
Newborn screening, audiometry, noise and whisper tests, tympanometry, bone and air conduction tests.
What should be inspected in the neck and lymph nodes?
Swelling and webbing.
What should be palpated in the neck assessment?
Lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid gland.
What should be assessed in the genitalia and perineal areas?
Positioning, timing of examination, sexual maturity rating (Tanner staging), female and male genitalia, anus, and rectum.
What is the normal spinal posture and curvature at 2-3 months?
Holds head erect when upright; thoracic kyphosis when sitting.
What is the normal spinal posture and curvature at 6-8 months?
Sits without support; spine is straight.
What is the normal spinal posture and curvature at 10-15 months?
Walks independently; straight spine.
What is the normal spinal posture and curvature in toddlers?
Protruding abdomen; lumbar lordosis.
What is the normal spinal posture and curvature in school-age children?
Shoulders and hips are level; balanced thoracic convex and lumbar concave curves.
What are key factors in vision screening for children?
Caretaker reports are essential at all ages, school performance should be considered, and the Snellen chart is used for assessment.
When should hearing screening be conducted?
At birth, with family history and school/behavioral observations playing a key role in identifying issues.
What is a common speech assessment tool for children?
The Denver Articulation Screening Examination (DASE), used for children aged 2.5 to 6 years.
What is the most common developmental screening tool?
The Denver II Developmental Screening Test.
what are key childhood vaccines
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP), Polio, Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR), Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, Rotavirus, Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (HIB), Varicella (Chickenpox), Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Meningococcal, Flu, COVID-19, and RSV.
