anxiety_ eating disorders_depression_ ptsd Flashcards
What is anxiety?
Anxiety is the anticipation of a future threat.
What defines an anxiety disorder?
Severe and persistent distress that interferes with ADLs.
What is the difference between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder?
Normal anxiety is part of child development and should not interfere with functioning or persist beyond a developmentally appropriate time.
What are examples of specific phobias?
Fear of the dark.
What are examples of social phobias?
Extreme shyness, fear of public speaking.
Which anxiety disorders typically appear in later adolescence?
Panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
What are interventions for anxiety disorders?
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Family therapy
- Sleep habits, nutrition, regular exercise, establishing routines
What is pica?
Persistent eating of non-food materials (e.g., dirt, paint chips, crayons, paper).
What are the risks of pica?
Poisoning (e.g., lead from paint), constipation, nutritional malabsorption, intestinal obstruction.
Who is at greatest risk for pica?
Ages 2-6 years, adolescents, pregnant individuals, those with intellectual disabilities, and those with iron-deficiency anemia.
What are the three key features of anorexia nervosa?
- Self-induced starvation
- Relentless drive for thinness
- Medical signs and symptoms resulting from starvation
What BMI is associated with anorexia nervosa?
Less than 17.5 kg/m² or less than 85% of expected weight.
What psychological traits are common in anorexia nervosa?
Overachievers, desire for control, refusal to acknowledge seriousness of weight loss.
What are some physical signs of anorexia nervosa?
Hypotension, hypothermia, bradycardia, lanugo (fine body hair).
What lab findings are associated with anorexia nervosa?
Anemia, leukopenia, elevated BUN and creatinine, hypercholesterolemia, elevated liver enzymes.
What is the primary treatment for anorexia nervosa?
Physical/nutritional rehabilitation, mental health care, long-term monitoring.
What is bulimia nervosa?
Recurrent binge eating and purging through vomiting or excessive exercise.
How is bulimia different from anorexia?
Bulimia involves binge eating with purging, and individuals are aware their eating pattern is abnormal.
What are signs of bulimia nervosa?
- Severely eroded teeth (gastric acid exposure)
- Russell sign (calluses on hands from vomiting)
- Esophageal tears
What is anhedonia?
The inability to remember the last time they felt happy or had a good time.
What is the #1 risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
Family history of MDD.
What are symptoms of MDD?
Loss of interest, weight change, depressed mood, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, feelings of worthlessness/guilt, poor concentration, suicidal ideation for 2+ weeks.
What is PTSD?
A disorder in children who have witnessed or experienced a traumatic event.
What events can cause PTSD?
Maltreatment, domestic violence, natural disasters, motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), illness.
