families_ pain assessment flashcards - Sheet1
What factors influence a child’s experience of pain?
Type and cause, temperament, experience, and expectation of relief.
How do cultural factors influence pain perception?
They shape how children express and cope with pain.
At what age can children indicate where pain is on their body?
3 years old.
How do school-aged children and adolescents assess their pain?
They can categorize and rate pain.
What are the two main types of pain based on duration?
Acute (sharp, immediate) and chronic (prolonged, persistent).
Define acute pain.
Sharp, immediate pain that usually has a clear cause.
Define chronic pain.
Prolonged, persistent pain that lasts for an extended period.
What are the four types of pain?
Cutaneous, somatic, visceral, and referred.
Define cutaneous pain.
Superficial pain from the skin or mucous membrane.
Define somatic pain.
Pain originating from deep body structures such as muscles and bones.
Define visceral pain.
Pain originating from internal organs.
Define referred pain.
Pain perceived far from the point of origin.
What is the pain threshold?
The point at which pain is felt.
Do infants feel pain?
Yes, they do feel pain and have a memory of it.
List signs of pain in infants.
Guarding, grimacing, crying, sleep disruption, holding still/tensing abdomen, tachycardia, vigorous body movements.
How do toddlers and preschoolers express pain?
Crying, fighting, regression, withdrawal.
Why might toddlers have difficulty describing pain?
They have a limited and varied vocabulary and little concept of time.
What behaviors do toddlers and preschoolers show for comfort?
Seeking security objects, thumb-sucking, and physical comfort measures.
What signs of pain are seen in school-aged children and adolescents?
Regression, verbal outbursts, verbal and nonverbal cues.
How do school-aged children and adolescents assume pain is understood?
They assume providers already know about their pain.
What is the CRIES Neonatal Postoperative Pain Measurement Scale used for?
Assessing crying, oxygen requirement, vital signs, expression, and sleeplessness.
What does the NIPS Neonatal Pain Scale evaluate?
Crying, facial expression, breathing patterns, arm/leg positioning, and arousal state.
What factors are assessed using the FLACC Pain Assessment Tool?
Facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, consolability.
How does the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale work?
Children select a facial expression that represents their pain level.
What does the Oucher Pain Rating Scale use for assessment?
A series of faces or numeric values to determine pain intensity.
What pain assessment tool is useful for adolescents?
Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT).
How can pain be monitored over time?
Using logs and diaries.
List five pharmacologic methods of pain relief.
Topical anesthetic cream, oral analgesia, intramuscular injection, IV administration, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).
What is conscious sedation?
A pharmacologic method that provides pain relief while keeping the patient awake but relaxed.
What is a local anesthesia injection used for?
Numbing a specific area to block pain sensation.
Name three nonpharmacologic pain management techniques.
Distraction, imagery, music therapy.
How does imagery help with pain relief?
It encourages the patient to visualize a peaceful or distracting scene to reduce pain perception.
How can acupressure and acupuncture help in pain management?
They involve stimulating specific pressure points to relieve pain.
What are some herbal therapies used for pain management?
Natural remedies such as chamomile, lavender, and arnica.
How does therapeutic touch and massage alleviate pain?
By promoting relaxation and reducing muscle tension.
How can heat application help with pain relief?
It relaxes muscles and improves blood flow.
How can cold application help with pain relief?
It reduces inflammation and numbs the area.
