care when preggo - Sheet1 Flashcards
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is the union of an ovum and spermatozoon, usually occurring in the outer third of the fallopian tube.
How long is an ovum capable of fertilization after ovulation?
An ovum is capable of fertilization for about 24 hours after ovulation.
How long is the functional life of a spermatozoon?
The functional life of a spermatozoon is around 5 days.
What is the critical time span during which sexual intercourse must occur for successful fertilization?
The critical time span is around 6 days: 5 days before ovulation and 24 hours after ovulation.
What happens after fertilization?
After fertilization, the zygote migrates over 3-4 days towards the uterus, with implantation occurring about 8 days after ovulation.
What is placenta previa?
Placenta previa occurs when the placenta implants low in the uterus, potentially blocking the cervix.
What is the function of the placenta?
The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, produces hormones, and plasma proteins. It is referred to as the “heart and soul” of pregnancy.
What is the function of amniotic fluid?
Amniotic fluid shields the fetus against pressure and blow, maintains temperature, aids in fetal movement, lung development, and protects the umbilical cord.
What is the function of the umbilical cord?
The umbilical cord transports oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and returns wastes. It consists of 1 vein and 2 arteries.
How does the fetal cardiovascular system adapt?
Blood is shunted away from the lungs through the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus in the fetus.
When does surfactant production begin in the fetal lungs?
Surfactant production begins at 24 weeks of gestation and is necessary for lung development.
When is surfactant sufficient for the fetus to breathe?
Surfactant becomes sufficient for lung maturity around 35 weeks.
When does the fetal nervous system begin developing?
The fetal nervous system begins developing in the 3rd week of gestation, with the neural tube forming the central nervous system (CNS).
When is meconium formed?
Meconium is formed early in fetal development and is sterile; vitamin K is almost nonexistent.
When can fetal movement be felt (quickening)?
Fetal movement (quickening) can typically be felt around 16 weeks of gestation.
How is the sex of the fetus determined?
The sex of the fetus is determined at conception by the presence of either an X or Y chromosome.
What is the purpose of the urinary system in fetal development?
The fetal urinary system produces urine, which is necessary for maintaining the amount of amniotic fluid.
When does subcutaneous fat begin developing in the fetus?
Subcutaneous fat begins developing around 36 weeks of gestation, helping the fetus maintain warmth.
What are lanugo and vernix?
Lanugo is the fine hair covering the fetus, and vernix is the protective coating on the skin. Both are present to protect the fetus in the womb.
How does the immune system develop in the fetus?
The fetus receives passive immunity through maternal IgG antibodies, which help protect against certain infections.
What is Naegele’s Rule used for?
Naegele’s Rule is used to predict the Estimated Due Date (EDD) by counting back 3 calendar months from the first day of the last menstrual period and adding 7 days.
How do you calculate the EDD using Naegele’s Rule?
Count back 3 calendar months from the first day of the last menstrual period, then add 7 days. For example, if the LMP was May 15, the EDD would be February 22.
What is the typical fundal height at 12 weeks?
The fundal height is measured over the symphysis pubis at 12 weeks.
What is the typical fundal height at 20 weeks?
At 20 weeks, the fundal height is at the level of the umbilicus (belly button).
