peds: flu - cystic fibrosis Flashcards
What causes influenza?
Inflammation of the airways of the lower respiratory tract caused by Orthomyxovirus types A, B, and C.
Who is at higher risk for complications from influenza?
Younger children, immunocompromised individuals, those with close contact with infected individuals, and during the winter season.
What are the key symptoms of influenza?
Cough, fever, fatigue, and body aches.
What treatments are available for children at high risk?
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for children with cardiac or respiratory conditions.
What is the best way to prevent influenza?
Annual vaccination.
What is bronchiolitis?
Inflammation and edema of the fine bronchioles and small bronchi, most commonly caused by RSV.
What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?
Cough, wheezing, retractions, low-grade fever, and respiratory distress that can last up to two weeks.
What are the nursing interventions for bronchiolitis?
Hydration, nasal suctioning and saline, antipyretics, and monoclonal antibody injections for high-risk infants.
What is the recommended prevention for bronchiolitis in infants under 6 months?
Monoclonal antibody injection (nirsevimab) to prevent severe disease.
What causes bronchitis?
Inflammation of the major bronchi, usually viral (influenza viruses, adenovirus), but can be bacterial (Mycoplasma pneumoniae).
Who is most at risk for bronchitis?
School-aged children, typically in fall and winter.
What are the symptoms of bronchitis?
Fever, hoarse cough (mildly productive), rhonchi, coarse crackles, and rales.
What diagnostic tool is used for bronchitis?
Chest X-ray showing diffuse hyperinflation.
How is bronchitis treated?
Supportive care; antibiotics only if bacterial.
What is asthma?
Chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract that affects small airways, often triggered by environmental or viral factors.
What are common asthma triggers?
Tobacco smoke, pollen, mold, pollution, cold weather, and allergens.
What are the key symptoms of asthma?
Expiratory wheeze, chest tightness, hoarseness, and recurrent coughing.
What medications are used to treat asthma?
Quick-relief inhalers (albuterol), long-acting control medications (fluticasone).
How can asthma be managed long-term?
Peak flow rate monitoring, trigger avoidance, medication adherence, and an asthma action plan.
What is cystic fibrosis?
A genetic disorder affecting mucus production, leading to thick secretions in the lungs and pancreas.
What are common signs of cystic fibrosis?
Failure to gain weight, “salty” sweat, and recurrent respiratory infections.
How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
Newborn screening, prenatal screening, and sweat chloride test.
What are key nursing interventions for cystic fibrosis?
Hydration, nutrition, infection control, aerosol therapy, and chest physiotherapy.
