Hiatus Hernia

Question 1

What is a hiatus hernia?

Answer 1

When stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the oesophagus.
Sliding hiatus hernia: when the stomach goes into the thorax on inspiration, still below the oesophagus

Paraoesophageal hiatus hernia: when the stomach is permanently protruding beside the oesophagus

Question 2

How does a hiatus hernia present?

Answer 2

Reflux symptoms

Question 3

What is a sliding hiatus hernia?

Answer 3

Sliding hiatus hernia: when the stomach goes into the thorax on inspiration, still below the oesophagus

Question 4

What is a paraoesophageal hiatus hernia?

Answer 4

when the stomach is permanently protruding beside the oesophagus

Question 5

How is a hiatus hernia diagnosed?

Answer 5

Endoscope

Question 6

How is a hiatus hernia treated?

Answer 6

Surgery if accompanied by reflux symptoms

Question 7

Prognosis of hiatus hernia?

Answer 7

Increases likelihood of reflux because the normal mechanism of mucosal rosette which prevents acid reflux is impaired

Question 8

What is the mucosal rosette?

Answer 8

Formed by folds of gastric mucosa, and the crural diaphragm at the LOS, which contracts and acts like a pinchcock, preventing acid reflux