Gastroenteritis

Question 1

What is gastroenteritis caused by?

Answer 1

Illness caused by eating food contaminated with micro-organisms, toxins, poisons etc

Question 2

Incubation period of salmonella?

Answer 2

12-48hour incubation

Question 3

How can salmonella be transmitted?

Answer 3

Food such as

poultry, meat & raw egg

Question 4

Which gastroenteritis types are campylobacter bacteria?

Answer 4

C diff
Listeria
Shigella (dysentry)

Question 5

Incubation of campylobacter bacteria?

Answer 5

16-48hour

Question 6

How are c. diff, listeria, shigella transmitted?

Answer 6

Poultry

They are the most common

Question 7

What to treat campylobacter bacteria with if their are co-morbidities?

Answer 7

Macrolides

Question 8

What type of bacteria is E. Coli?

Answer 8

Enterobacteriase

Question 9

What are listeria monocyogenes transmitted by?

Answer 9

9-48 hours incubation
Transmitted by unpasteurized products
Deli counter products

Question 10

What type of gram is listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 10

Gram positive rods

Question 11

Noravirus is not infectious. True or false?

Answer 11

FALSE

can be spread person to person

Question 12

How is noravirus transmitted?

Answer 12

Contaminated food/Water
Droplet
Person- person

Question 13

Who does rotavirus normally affect?

Answer 13

Children below 5 years, generally low infectious dose

Question 14

Rotavirus symptoms?

Answer 14

Mild

Question 15

Diagnosis of rotavirus?

Answer 15

PCR diagnosis from faeces

Question 16

Rotavirus transmission?

Answer 16

Reheated rice

Meat/fish left out at room temperature

Question 17

Organisms of rotavirus?(MAYBE IGNORE THIS QUESTION, FEELS DUMB CAUSE IT’S A VIRUS?)

Answer 17

FAECO-ORAL ROUTE
Gram positive bacillus (reheated rice)

Coccus(meat/fish @ room temp)

Question 18

Who gets gastroenteritis?

Answer 18

Malnutrition 
Closed/semi-closed communities 
Exposure to contaminated food/water 
Winter congregating 
<5 Y/o, not breast-feeding 
Older age

Question 19

How does gastroenteritis present?

Answer 19

Diarrhoea associated with blood and mucous 
Fever 
Nausea & vomiting
Abdominal pain 
Rectal tenesmus

Question 20

How is gastroenteritis diagnosed?

Answer 20

Stool sample sent to the lab
If it isn’t shigella/salmonella/Campylobacter/E. Coli 0157/ Cryptosporidium or C. Difficile a specific request for test is needed
FBC

Question 21

How is gastroenteritis treated?

Answer 21

Hydration to counteract any diarrhoea

Different ABs used to treat different bacterial infections depending on cause and severity of infection

Question 22

What do all bacterial stool samples automatically get tested for?

Answer 22

Shigella 
E Coli 0157 
Campylobacter 
Cryptosporidium 
If >15 C Diff

Question 23

Noravirus presentation?

Answer 23

Sudden violent D&V
Diarrhoea more common in children
Associated myalgia and malaise

Question 24

Management of noravirus?

Answer 24

Self-limiting (2-4 days)

Hydration and rest

Question 25

Most common cause of diarrhoea in kids under 3?

Answer 25

Rotavirus

Question 26

Management of cryptosprodium?

Answer 26

Rifamixin

Nitazoxanide

Question 27

What is giardiasis?

Answer 27

Long protracted travellers diarrhoea

Question 28

Management of giardiasis?

Answer 28

Tinidazole, albendazole, mebendazole, metrondiazole

Question 29

Staph aureus presentation and source?

Answer 29

Severe N/V+/-D

Usually unrefrigerated meat

Question 30

Bacillus cerus presentation and source?

Answer 30

Severe N/V+/-D

Rice (chinese take away)

Question 31

Presentation and source of salmonella enteritus?

Answer 31

Raw eggs, poultry

Question 32

Presentation of salmonella typhi?

Answer 32

Diarrhoea w/ macular rash on chest + fever, rigors

Question 33

Most common cause of Travellers diarrhoea?

Answer 33

E Coli 0157 or HUS

Question 34

Campylobacter presentation and source?

Answer 34

Pain + diarrhoea +/- blood

Undercooked meat, raw milk

Question 35

Shigella presentation and source?

Answer 35

Fever, pain, diarrhoea +/- blood, painful bowel movements

food or water contaminated with faecal matter

Question 36

Cholera source?

Answer 36

Associated with foreign travel (india)

Question 37

E Coli source and maanegement?

Answer 37

Raw milk, animal contact

-Supportive DON’T give ABs, NSAIDs, anti-motility agents (can precipitate HUS)