13.2 Ribosomes And Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Polypeptides

A

Long chains of amino acids (polymers)

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2
Q

As many as how many different amino acids are commonly found in polypeptides

A

20

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3
Q

The specific amino acid in a polypeptide chain And the order in which they are joined determines the

A

Shape and functions of different proteins

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4
Q

Genetic code

A

The language of genes which is made of A C G T (for dna) these letters are read in sets of three

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5
Q

Is there only one genetic code

A

No there are multiple genetic codes for codons and anticodons etc.

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6
Q

In DNA one word is called a

A

Triplet

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7
Q

In mRNA one word is called a

A

Codon

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8
Q

In tRNA one word is called an

A

Anti codon

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9
Q

All three types of words (Triplets codons and anticodons)

A

Complement each other

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10
Q

For every DNA triplet mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon you have one amino acid because of

A

Translation

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11
Q

How many possible three base codons are there

A

64 (4x4x4)

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12
Q

Wobble effect

A

Hypothesis at the third base is not very important because multiple codons can code for a single amino acid

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13
Q

Synonyms

A

Amino acids that can be the outcome of more than one codon

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14
Q

What do you use to decode codons

A

Genetic code table

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15
Q

How many stop codons are there

A

3

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16
Q

What is the start codon

A

AUG methionine

17
Q

Do ribosomes always look like ribosomes

A

No the large and small subunits do not join and appear as ribosomes until they are translating

18
Q

How do ribosomes translate

A

They use the sequence of codons in the mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains

19
Q

Translation

A

The decoding of MRNA message into a protein

20
Q

What is translation also known as

A

Protein synthesis

21
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place

A

Occurs in ribosomes after the transcribe mRNA enters the cells cytoplasm

22
Q

When does translation begin

A

Begins on a ribosome connect to a MRNA molecule in the cytoplasm

23
Q

What happens after the mRNA connects to the Small subunit of the ribosome in the cytoplasm

A

The large subunit connects to the small subunit with mRNA

24
Q

What is the third step of translation

A

Methionine the start codon bonds to the P site

25
Q

What is the fourth step of translation

A

Another tRNA that carries an anti-codon which matches with the next codon of the mRNA bonds to the P site and the previous trna moves to the left into the a site

26
Q

What is the fifth step of translation

A

At the same time as the fourth step of translation the bond between tRNA and it’s amino acid is broken in the ribosome helps form a peptide bond between the first and second amino acids

27
Q

What is the sixth step of translation

A

The first tRNA moves into the e site and exits the ribosome

28
Q

What happens in the seventh step of translation

A

The cycle continues until a stop codon moves into the a site 

29
Q

What is the last step of translation

A

The ribosome releases a polypeptide chain,mRNA, and tRNA and breaks into two subunits again

30
Q

Gene expression

A

The way in which DNA, RNA and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells

31
Q

E Site

A

Exit site on ribosome far left

32
Q

A site

A

Attachment site far right

33
Q

P site

A

 The one in the middle where are the amino acids join on top of each other to form the polypeptide chain

34
Q

How many sides are there on a ribosome

A

3