11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

the delivery and inheritance of characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

scientific study of heredity

Question 3

What is important to understanding what makes each organism unique

Answer 3

study of genetics

Question 4

What was Gregor Mendel before he began to study genetics?

Answer 4

A priest, monk, high school teacher, and was in charge of his monastery’s garden

Question 5

What school did Mendel go to

Answer 5

University of Vienna

Question 6

What was Mendel known as

Answer 6

“Father of Modern Genetics “

Question 7

Was Mendel recognized while he was still alive

Answer 7

no he was recognized after death

Question 8

What did Mendel study?

Answer 8

cross breeding (cross-fertilization) by performing biological experiments on peas in his garden and the traits of pea plants

Question 9

Why did Mendel choose to study pea plants?

Answer 9

bc they are small, easy to grow, true breeding, and self hereditary

Question 10

True - breeding plants

Answer 10

Organisms that will always have the same traits; throughout all generations

Question 11

Self Hereditary

Answer 11

plants that create their own sperm

Question 12

Model System

Answer 12

systems that are convenient to study and may tell us how other organisms, including humans actually function

Question 13

How many characteristics did each of the 7 traits that Mendel studied have?

Answer 13

2 (ex: yellow and green —- for color )

Question 14

What is the first generation of plants called

Answer 14

paréntis (P)
[parents in latin]

Question 15

What is the second generation of plants called

Answer 15

Filius (F)
[sons in latin]

Question 16

What is the third generation of plants called

Answer 16

Filius 2
(F2)

Question 17

Fertilization

Answer 17

when male and female reproductive cells join in sexual reproduction

Question 18

In flowers, what contains sperm

Answer 18

pollen

Question 19

In flowers, what contains the eggs

Answer 19

pistil

Question 20

What does the pollen in the pistil create

Answer 20

an embryo encased in a seed

Question 21

Another term for self hereditary

Answer 21

self pollinating

Question 22

Trait

Answer 22

a specific characteristic (height, seed, color, etc.) of an individual

Question 23

Genes

Answer 23

factors that are passed from parent to offspring and are formed by a pair of two alternative alleles

Question 24

Alleles

Answer 24

the different forms of genes ( T, t )

Question 25

How many traits of pea plants did Mendel study?

Answer 25

7

Question 26

What are the unit factors in postulate 1

Answer 26

genes

Question 27

Test Cross

Answer 27

technique used to determine if organisms are homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant

Question 28

Test crosses prevent ____-_____ and utilize _____-______

Answer 28

self-pollination; cross-pollination

Question 29

How many steps does cross pollination in plants have?

Answer 29

2

Question 30

How many parents does an offspring from cross pollination have?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

What are the steps of cross pollination?

Answer 31

1) Cut pollen-bearing parts of flower
2) Dust pollen on a different organism’s pistils

Question 32

Hybrids

Answer 32

the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 33

All of Mendel’s F1 plants had the traits of ____ parent

Answer 33

one

Question 34

Which postulate formed the current understanding of inheritance?

Answer 34

Postulate 1

Question 35

Postulate 1

Answer 35

Genetic factors are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs

Question 36

Postulate 1 is aka

Answer 36

Unit factors are formed in pairs

Question 37

Postulate 2

Answer 37

some alleles are dominant and others recessive and
dominant traits always suppress the recessive from appearing.

Question 38

What is postulate aka?

Answer 38

Dominant and Recessive

Question 39

Dominant alleles

Answer 39

alleles which trait will always be expressed if present

Question 40

Recessive alleles

Answer 40

alleles which when present alone will be

Question 41

Why are some alleles dominant and others recessive?

Answer 41

Because dominant alleles have more proteins than recessive

Question 42

Segregation

Answer 42

separation of expression of alleles

Question 43

Why does segregation occur?

Answer 43

The alleles for the different traits separated during the formation of gametes

Question 44

At the end of segregation, each gamete carries ____ allele for each gene

Answer 44

one