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AP Bio > 13.1 RNA > Flashcards

13.1 RNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

RNA stands for

A

Ribonucleic acid

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2
Q

RNA is a

A

A nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotides

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3
Q

What are the differences in DNA and RNA

A
  • The sugars are different
  • RNA is generally one stranded, while DNA is usually a double helix
  • The bases are different
  • RNA had more jobs
  • There are more types of RNA
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4
Q

What is the sugar of RNA

A

Ribose (has one more oxygen than deoxyribose)

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5
Q

What is the sugar of DNA

A

Deoxyribose

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6
Q

What are the bases of DNA

A

G C A T

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7
Q

What are the bases of RNA

A

G C A U

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8
Q

How many types of RNA are there (that we learned abt)

A

3

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9
Q

What are the three types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

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10
Q

mRNA is an abbreviation for

A

Messenger RNA

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11
Q

tRNA is an abbreviation for

A

Transfer RNA

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12
Q

rRNA is an abbreviation for

A

Ribosomal RNA

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13
Q

What is the job of DNA

A

Pass on genes

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14
Q

What helps enzymes differentiate between RNA and DNA?

A

The different bases which have chemical differences

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15
Q

Central dogma of biology

A

The theory that states that DNA codes for RNA and RNA codes for proteins

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16
Q

Who created the central dogma for biology

A

Francis crick

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17
Q

Does the central dogma of biology applied everything

A

No In reality it has many exceptions but it is the standard

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18
Q

What is RNA’s General job

A

Protein synthesis (Controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins)

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19
Q

What is the job of mRNA

A

RNA molecules that carry the complement of the DNA to ribosomes to make proteins

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20
Q

What is the job of rRNA

A

Catalyzes proteins synthesis translation and builds peptide bonds
Make subunits of ribosomes
holds ribosomal proteins in place
helps locate beginning mRNA message

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21
Q

What is the job of tRNA

A

Brings the one right amino acid called for by each codon on the mRNA
Adapters that can read mRNA

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22
Q

What is on the top of the tRNA

A

Amino acid attachment site

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23
Q

What is at the bottom of the tRNA

A

Anti-codons that pair with the bases on the mRNA molecule

24
Q

Another name for transcription is

A

RNA synthesis

25
Q

Where does transcription take place in eukaryotes

A

Nucleus

26
Q

Transcription

A

Where are most of the production of RNA takes place
segments of DNA service templates to produce complementary RNA molecules

27
Q

Where does transcription take place in prokaryotes

A

Cytoplasm

28
Q

What enzyme is needed in transcription

A

RNA polymerase

29
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Is similar to DNA polymerase

30
Q

What direction does RNA polymerase work in

A

Five prime to three prime
(But the mRNA molecule at work son goes from three prime to five prime)

31
Q

How many steps are in transcription

A

2

32
Q

What are the two steps of transcription

A

1) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
2) The RNA polymerase separates the DNA strand and uses one strand of DNA as a template to form a complementary strand of RNA by connecting the corresponding bases

33
Q

Promoter

A

Regions of DNA that have specific basically says which indicates where RNA polymerase should start making RNA

34
Q

What is the intermediate step between transcription and translation

A

RNA processing

35
Q

In what type of cell does RNA processing take place in

A

Only eukaryotes

36
Q

Where does RNA processing take place

A

Nucleus

37
Q

How many steps does RNA processing have

A

3

38
Q

What are the three steps of RNA processing

A

1) mRNA splicing
2) 5’ cap
3) poly-a-tail

39
Q

mRNA splicing

A

Cutting out the junk mRNA created during transcription

40
Q

How many steps does mRNA splicing have

A

2

41
Q

What are the two steps of mRNA splicing

A

1) Nuclease takes away introns to make DNA legible
2) The remaining pieces of mRNA (exons) are sliced back together to form the final mRNA

42
Q

Ribonucleotide

A

Individual monomer of RNA (Nucleotides for RNA)

43
Q

Nuclease

A

Enzyme that breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides

44
Q

Introns

A

Junk mRNA that is cut out in mRNA splicing 

45
Q

Exons

A

MRNA left behind when introns are cut out

46
Q

________ never serve as ______ but ______ can sometimes service ______

A

Introns exons exons introns 

47
Q

Introns and exons play a role in evolution because of

A

Slight changes in forms of mRNA

48
Q

During mRNA spicing mRNA is known as

A

Nuclear RNA

49
Q

5’ cap

A

Adding a tri phosphate G nucleotide in the opposite direction to the five prime end of the mRNA

50
Q

What is the purpose of the five prime cap

A

Tricks the enzyme that chops up DNA so that it doesn’t

51
Q

What is another purpose of the Five prime cap

A

It is also helpful so that ribosomes recognize the mRNA so they can attach to the mRNA for translation

52
Q

Poly means

A

Many

53
Q

The a in poly-a-tail stands for

A

Adenine

54
Q

Poly-a-tail

A

Add hundreds of adenines (unimportant nucleotides) to block Nuclease from chopping useful DNA on the three prime end

55
Q

The sequence of nucleotide bases in an mRNA molecule is a set of instruction that gives

A

The order in which amino acid should be joined to form a polypeptide chain

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