Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell and tissue > Vascular biology > Flashcards

Vascular biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

A 
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia (externa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the tunica intima?

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. basal lamina
  3. Loose CT
  4. internal elastic lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main component of the internal elastic lamina?

A

elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of endothelium comprises the tunica intima?

A

Simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose for the fenestrations of the tunica intima?

A

Allows gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 components of the tunica media?

A

1.concentric layer of 2.smooth muscle cells
elastin/elastic fibers
3.reticular fibers
4. proteoglycans
5. external elastic lamina, made of elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the components of the tunica adventitia?

A

CT layer
Type I collagen
elastic fibers
fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the vasa vesorum? Where is it needed

A

“vessels of the vessels”.

Needed for vessels greater than 1 mm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which have move vasa vesorum, veins or arteries?

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is endarerities/periarteritis?When is it seen?

A

Infection/inflammation of the vasa vesorum

Classic example is in syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the network of nerves that supply blood vessels called?

A

nervi vasorum or vascularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are nerves endings found in arteries?

A

in the adventitia, usually not penetrating the media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are nerves endings found in veins?

A

in adventitia and in the media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are nerve endings more dense in arteries or in veins?

A

More dense in arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of neurons are found in the nervi vascularis?

A

Mainlu sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do nervi vasorum nerves releasing (what is the neurotransmitter)?

A

Norepi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do cells that connect to the nervi vasorum communicate the nervous signal to neighboring cells?

A

Through gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are the endothelial cells of vessels oriented?

A

Long axis in the direction of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the shape of endothelial vessel cells?

A

flat and elongated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the specialization that can be found on the endothelial cells?

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the junctions that exists between endothelial cells?

A

Junctional complexes

Myoendothelial junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main transport process seen in the endothlial cells of the vascular system?

A

Pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the result of shearing stress on endothelial cells?

A

Hyperpolarization of the cell, leading to hyperpolarization of smooth muscle above (through myoendothelial junction), and subsequent muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Weibel – Palade bodies?

A

Granules present in endothelial cells that contain:

  1. Factor VIII
  2. tissue plasminogen activator
  3. interleuking 8
  4. P-selectin
  5. others
25
Q

What is the function of the P-selectin molecules found in the Weibel – Palade bodies?

A

Help leukocytes attach and migrate through endothelial cells

26
Q

What are the five main functions of endothelial cells?

A
  1. Promote/inhibit coagulation
  2. modulate smooth muscle activity
  3. Regulate inflammatory cell traffic
  4. Transport
  5. Regulate angiogenesis
27
Q

What is the function of prostacyclin in endothelia cells? Nitric oxide?

A

Vasodilators

Prostacyclin also has anticoagulation effects

28
Q

What is the function of endothelin in endothelia cells?

A

Vasoconstriction

29
Q

What are the major components of vessels that are increased in large arteries like the aorta? What doesn’t change?

A

Most smooth muscle, elastic fibers are increased

Endotheliim and basal lamina do not change

30
Q

What components changes in the small arteries as compared to the large ones?

A

Less smooth muscle, elastic fibers, more CT

31
Q

What are the components of the capillaries?

A

Only have the basal lamina and endothelium

32
Q

What is the major component of veins?

A

CT

33
Q

How much does the muscular component vary from large arteries to small? Veins?

A

Large change in arteries

Small change in veins

34
Q

Looking at a slide of a vessel, you see a prominent elastic lamina. What type of vessel are you looking at (vein or artery)?

A

Artery

35
Q

How does the tunica media in veins compare to that found in arteries?

A

Much smaller in veins

36
Q

How does the tunica adventitia in veins compare to that found in arteries?

A

Much larger in veins

37
Q

What happens to the elastic lamellae as we age?

A

Increases, but also there is fibrosis

38
Q

What is the characteristic feature of the tunica media found in arteries?

A

large amount of alternating elastic lamella and smooth muscle

39
Q

True or false: there are fibroblasts in the tunica adventitia and in the elastic lamellae?

A

False–only in the tunica adventitia

40
Q

The first squiggly dark line in the elastic lamella in arteries is what?

A

The basal lamina

41
Q

What connects the multiple elastic lamelle?

A

Elastic fibers

42
Q

What components of the elastic lamelle is dysfunctional in Marfan’s syndrome?

A

The GAGs of the elastic fibers that connect elastic lamellae

43
Q

What happens to the tunica intima of arteries as we age?

A

Increases d/t fibrotic changes

44
Q

“lakes” of GAGs in the elastic lamellae of arteries is characteristic of what disease?

A

Marfan’s

45
Q

What changes occur in muscular arteries as compared to normal?

A

Increased smooth muscle in tunica media, at expense of elastic lamellae (change to two)

46
Q

What is the main resistance structure in the blood system?

A

arterioles

47
Q

How many smooth muscle layers are present in arterioles?

A

1-2

48
Q

What is the way described in lecture to determine an arteriole from a artery?

A

Wall-to-lumen ratio is 1

49
Q

True or false: arterioles have a small tunica adventitia surrounding them

A

True

50
Q

How does the lumen of a veinuole compare to that of a arteriole?

A

Veinuloe is much larger

51
Q

What is the microcirculation?

A

The area between the arterioles and the veinuoles

52
Q

What is a metarteriole?

A

A small branch of the arteriole that controls the circulation into the microcirculation via smooth muscle

53
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Mesenchymal cells that surround capillaries and can differentiate into smooth muscle cells.

They are contractile

54
Q

True or false: capillaries have a tunica adventitia?

A

False

55
Q

What are the layers that capillaries have?

A

Endothelium

Basal lamina

56
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

57
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

CNS, muscle, lungs

58
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

kidney, intestines, endocrine glands

59
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

spleen, liver, bone marrow

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions