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Cell and tissue > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the auricle?

A

Elastic cartilage

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2
Q

What part of the external acoustic meatus is cartilage? What makes up the other part?

A

1/3 is cartilage. Other 2/3 is bone

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3
Q

What is cerumen?

A

desquamated skin cells, secretions from sebaceous and ceruminous glands

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4
Q

What covers the external surface of the TM?

A

Thin epidermis (skin)

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5
Q

What is the internal surface of the TM? What type of epithelium?

A

simple squamous to simple cuboidal epithelium, which is the mucous membrane of the middle ear cavity.

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6
Q

What does the intermediate layer of the TM consist of?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers arranged radially and circularly with fibroblasts

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7
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations

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8
Q

The middle ear is lined with what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous

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9
Q

Loss of middle ear function results in what?

A

Conductive hearing loss

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10
Q

What is the muscle that is attached to the malleus? What is its innervation?

A

tensor tympani (CN V3)

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11
Q

What is the muscle that attaches to the stapes? What is its innervation?

A

Stapedius. innervation = CN 7 via the lesser petrosal nerve

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12
Q

What is the function of stapes?

A

Dampens movement of the stapes on the oval window

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13
Q

What is the window that attaches the stapes to the inner ear: the oval or round window?

A

Oval

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14
Q

What is the function of the round window?

A

Provide an outlet for pressure changes in the inner ear

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15
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

bone remodeling causing Stapes to be fixed onto the oval window.

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16
Q

The eustatian tube connects what to what?

A

Middle ear to the nasopharynx

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17
Q

What is the epithelial type that comprises the auditory tube?

A

Pseudostratifed columnar

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18
Q

What is the transition between epithelial types that occurs between the eustatian tube and the middle ear?

A

middle ear = simple squamous

Aud tube = pseudostratifed colunar

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19
Q

What lines the pseudostratified epithelial cells in the auditory tube?

A

Goblet cell

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20
Q

What is the function of the auditory tube?

A

Equalize pressure

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21
Q

What is the epithelium that lines the mastoid air cells?

A

Simple squamous (same as middle ear)

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22
Q

What are the three spaces that are in the inner ear?

A
  1. Endolymphatic space
  2. Perilymphatic space
  3. Cortilymphatic space
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23
Q

What is the endolymphatic space?

A

Space within the membranous labyrinth

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24
Q

What are the ions that are present within endolymph?

A

High K, low Na (like inside of cells)

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25
Q

What is the perilymphatic space?

A

Space between the membranous labyrinth and bony labyrinth

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26
Q

What is the ion composition of the perilymph?

A

High Na, low K (just like ECF)

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27
Q

What is the space within the organ of Corti in the cochlea?

A

Cortilymphatic space

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28
Q

What is the ionic composition of the cortilymph?

A

High Na, low K

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29
Q

The inner ear is in which bone?

A

The temporal bone

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30
Q

What type of epithelium lines the external auditory meatus, as well as the external TM?

A

STRATIFIED squamous

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31
Q

What is the significance of the presence of fibroblasts in the TM?

A

Allows TM to regenerate

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32
Q

What types of joints are in the malleus, incus, and the stapes?

A

Synovial

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33
Q

What is the epithelium that lines the malleous, incus, and the stapes?

A

Simple squamous (just like the inner ear)

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34
Q

What is the structure on the inner ear that has the oval window on it?

A

The vestibule

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35
Q

What are the ampulla in the inner ear?

A

The sphereical bony prominences that sit at the junction of the vestibule and the semicircular canals

36
Q

What is the modiolus?

A

The central part of the chochlea, about which the chochlea turns

37
Q

Where does the round window face?

A

The middle ear

38
Q

What are the two divisions of the inner ear?

A

The chochlea and the semicircular canals

39
Q

What is the structure that connects the cochlea to the vestibule?

A

The saccule

40
Q

What is the vestibular labyrinth?

A

The semicircular canals

41
Q

Where is the cortilymphatic space?

A

Within the cochlea

42
Q

What are the two divisions within the vestibule?

A

The utricle and the saccule

43
Q

What do the utricle and the saccule sense?

A

Linear movement

44
Q

What do the semicircular canals sense?

A

Movement in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane

45
Q

What is the sensory part of the semicircular canal called? Where is it located?

A

The crista ampullaris, located in the ampulla

46
Q

What connects the cochlear labyrinth and the saccule?

A

ductus reuniens

47
Q

Where is the organ of corti?

A

In the cochlear duct

48
Q

What are the two types of hair cells within the ear?

A

Type I–cup shape formed by afferent neurons

Type II– afferent neurons sit only at the base

49
Q

What are the projections on the hair cells that sense movement of fluid (villi, cilia, microvili, sterocilia etc?)?

A

Stereocilia and kineocilia

50
Q

What are the maculae?

A

Sensory part of the urticle and the sacule

51
Q

The sacule connects what two structures?

A

The duct of the cochlea and the urticle (rest of the vestibule)

52
Q

What is the structure that senses angular movement and is located in the ampulla of the semicircular duct?

A

Cristae Ampullaris

53
Q

How is the cristae ampullaris oriented relative to their semicircular canals?

A

Perpendicular

54
Q

What is the cupula of the cristae ampullaris?

A

Gelatinous protein-polysaccharide mass attached to the hair cells of each crista

55
Q

Are there otoliths in the cupula?

56
Q

What are the macula?

A

Sensory part of the utricle and the saccule

57
Q

How are the macula of the utricle and the saccule oriented?

A

Saccule–vertically

Utricle–horizontally

58
Q

Where are otoliths found? What is their function?

A

in the gel of the macules, aids in linear sensation

59
Q

What are the three compartments of the chochlea that are separated by the cochlear duct?

A

Scala media
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani

60
Q

What are the lymphs that fill the scala media, vestibuli and tympani?

A

media -endolymph
vestibuli–perilymph
Tympani–perilymph

61
Q

What is the helicotrema?

A

The cross over between the scala tympani and the vestibuil at the END of the chochlea

62
Q

What is the order of the scala in the cochlea from top to bottom?

A

Vestibuli
Media
Tympani

63
Q

What is the part of the chochlea that connects to the round window?

A

The scala tympani

64
Q

What is the shape of the scala media? What the apex of the shape sits next to what structure?

A

Triangular, with apex sitting next to mediolus

65
Q

What is the membrane the divides the scala vestibuli from the scala media?

A

Vestibular (Reissner’s) membrane

66
Q

What is the structure that makes endolymph? Where is it found?

A

The stria vascularis, which sits in the outer portion of the scala media

67
Q

The spiral organ of corti sits on what membrane?

A

The basilar membrane of the scala media

68
Q

What type of junctions are on the vestibular membrane (which sits between the scala media and the scala vestibula)? What is its important here?

A

Tight junction, which separates the different ion gradients of the endo and perilymph

69
Q

What is the stria vascualris? Where does it sit? What does it produce?

A

The structure on the base of the scala media that produces endolymph

70
Q

What type of junctions are in the epithelium of the stria vascularis?

A

Tight junction

71
Q

What membrane forms the roof of the scala media?

A

The vestibular membrane

72
Q

The hair cells in the spiral organ of corti are embedded where?

A

In the tectorial membrane

73
Q

Is there kinocilium in the organ of Corti?

74
Q

How many sterocilia are present in the organ of Corti?

75
Q

True or false: there are varying levels of the sterocilia in the organ of corti to aid in the sensation of movement

A

False–they are all symmetrical

76
Q

What are phalangeal cells?

A

Support cells for the hair cells of the organ of corti

77
Q

What forms the outer and inner tunnels that contain cortilymph?

A

The pillar cells

78
Q

What forms the corticolymphatic space?

A

the summation of the apical cuticular plates from the digital processes of the outerphalangeal cells

79
Q

What is the ionic compoistion of the cortilymph?

A

Same as perilymph–high is Na, low in K

80
Q

What is the only attachment from the organ of Corti to the tectorial membrane?

A

The hair cells

81
Q

What types of collagen are present in the tectorial membrane?

A

II, V, and IX

82
Q

What is the medial attachment of the tectorial membrane?

A

The modiolus

83
Q

How is sound perceived?

A

Oval window vibrates basal membrane, which vibrates tectorial membrane. This causes shear of the sterocilia and the hair cells in the organ of corti

84
Q

What is the CN that is responsible for hearing?

A

CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

85
Q

What type of nerves connect the vestibular part of the ear to the brain? Where are these found?

A

Bipolar (ganglion)

Sit in the internal acoustic meatus

86
Q

What type of ganglion is on the chochlea? Where is it located?

A

Spiral nerve, located on the modiolus

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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