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Cell and tissue > GI I:Oral Cavity > Flashcards

GI I:Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the masticatory mucosa?

A

The mucosa located on the gingivae, and the hard palate

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2
Q

What is the epithelial type that lines the masticatory mucosa?

A

Keratinized and parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Where does the masticatory mucosa lack a submucosa?

A

on gingivae and palatine raphe

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4
Q

What is found on the anterior and posterior hard palate?

A 
Anterior = adipose CT
Posterior = mucous glands
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5
Q

What anchors the submucosa to the periosteum of the hard palate?

A

Collagen fibers

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6
Q

What is burton’s line?

A

blue-gray gingival margin due to lead poisoning

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7
Q

Where is the lining mucosa found?

A

Over most of the oral cavity

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8
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the lining epithelium?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the lining mucosa?

A
  1. Stratum basale
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum superficiale
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10
Q

Where is the submucosa of the lining mucosa found?

A

Present except on inferior surface of tongue

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11
Q

Where is the specialized mucosa in the mouth?

A

Tongue, involved in taste

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12
Q

What are the four types of papillae?

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Fungiform
  3. Circumvallate
  4. Foliate
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13
Q

Which type of papillae are the most numerous, and found over the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

Filiform

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14
Q

What type of epithelium does the filiform papilae sit on?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

Which type of papili do not have taste buds?

A

Filiform

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16
Q

Where are fungiform papilae found?

A

tip of the tongue

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17
Q

Which papillae are mushroom shaped?

A

Fungiform

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18
Q

What is the epithelium that covers the ALL papillae?

A

Stratified squamous

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19
Q

What is the sulcus terminals?

A

Groove at the base of the tongue

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20
Q

What are the largest papillae? Where are they located?

A

Circumvallate-anterior to the sulcus terminalis

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21
Q

Where are the taste buds located on circumvallate papillae?

A

in the epithelial layer in the lateral margin

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22
Q

What are the serous glands that surround the moat region of circumvallate papilla? What is their function?

A

Lingual salivary glands (von Ebner’s glands).

Function = secrete serous fluid into moats

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23
Q

Where are foliate papilae found? What shape are they?

A

Leaf shaped, on the margins of the tongue

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24
Q

What type of glands empty into the clefts that surround the foliate papillae?

A

serous glands

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25
Q

What are the three types of cells found in a taste bud?

A
  1. Neuroepithelial (sensory) cells
  2. Supporting cells
  3. Basal cells
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26
Q

What specialization do the sensory cells of the taste buds have? What do these do?

A

Microvilli that project into the taste pore, and receive taste signals

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27
Q

What nerve(s) connect to the sensory cells of the taste buds?

A

CN 7, 9, and 10

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28
Q

What is the turnover rate of the sensory cells of the tastebuds?

A

10 days

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29
Q

What is the function of the supporting cells of the taste buds?

A

insulate sensory cells, and support them

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30
Q

What are the basal cells of the taste buds?

A

Stem cells found at the base of the taste bud

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31
Q

How do you distinguish the sensory cells of taste buds, from the surrounding supporting cells?

A

Larger, more euchromatic nuclei in the sensory cells

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32
Q

Do the supporting cells of the taste buds have microvilli?

A

Yes

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33
Q

What are the three regions that define the lip?

A

Skin, vermillion zone, mucosa

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34
Q

What type of epithelium is found over the mucosa of the lip?

A

wet stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium with a lamina propria

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35
Q

Where in the lip does the epithelum have a submucosa? What does this contain?

A

On the interior surface deep to the mucosa and contains labial salivary gland

36
Q

What is the vermillion zone? Does this have hair follicles or sweat glands?

A

Transition area where there is thin skin that allow the redness of blood to be visible.

Lacks hair follicles and sweat glands

37
Q

Is there anything histologically special about the skin of the anterior part of the lip (that is not red)?

A

Nope.

38
Q

What is the muscle that is in the lip?

A

Obicularis oris

39
Q

What are the three major salivary glands of the mouth?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

40
Q

What are the secretions of the parotid gland? What type of duct system does it use?

A

Purely serous

Compound acinar

41
Q

What does the submandibular gland secrete? What type of duct system does it use?

A

i. Compound tubulo-acinar gland
ii. Mixed (serous and mucous) though serous predominant
iii. Serous demilunes are present

42
Q

What does the sulingual gland secrete? What type of duct system does it use?

A

i. Compound tubulo-acinar gland
ii. Mixed though mucous predominant
iii. Serous demilunes are present

43
Q

What does saliva contain?

A
  1. protein
  2. enzymes
  3. ions
  4. mucins
  5. IgA
  6. Lactoferrin
44
Q

What are the four enzymes present in saliva?

A

a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. Lysozyme
d. Lactoperoxidase

45
Q

What is the acquired pellicle?

A

The coat of saliva around the enamel of teeth

46
Q

What is the clinical crown?

A

Part of tooth exposed above the gum line

47
Q

What are the three layers of the tooth?

A

i. Enamel (covers anatomic crown; absent at root)
ii. Dentin (present in crown and root)
iii. Cementum (covers root; absent at anatomic crown)

48
Q

What is the different between the clinical and anatomic crown?

A

Clinical is only that which is exposed, anatomical is where there is a transition from enamel to dentin

49
Q

What is the root of the tooth?

A

The part of the tooth covered by dentin, NOT enamel

50
Q

Does the enamel have cells?

A

No

51
Q

What percent of enamel is mineralized?

A

96-98% is calcium hydroxypatite

52
Q

Enamel is derived from what type of tissue?

A

epithelial tissue

53
Q

Is enamel replaced after it is formed?

A

No

54
Q

What are the protein components of the enamel?

A

ENamelins and tuftelins

55
Q

How is the calcium in the enamel arranged?

A

In rods that span the thickness of the enamel

56
Q

What are the four stages of tooth development?

A
  1. Bud stage
  2. cap stage
  3. bell stage
  4. apposition dentin and enamel stage
57
Q

What beings the bud stage of tooth development?

A

Invagination of oral epithelium into the mesenchyme

58
Q

What sits at the base of the developing tooth bud? What is this area/what will it form?

A

Layer of mesenchymal cells that form the primordium of the dental papilla

59
Q

What are the substances used in the bud stage of tooth development?

A

FGF-4

BMPS 2, 4, and 7

60
Q

What defines the cap stage of tooth development?

A

Inner enamel epithelium – cells will differentiate into ameloblasts

61
Q

What happens to the dental papilla (layer below the mesenchymal cells) in the cap stage of tooth development?

A

These neural crest cells of neuroectoderm will differentiate into odontoblasts

62
Q

What chemical induces the cap stage of tooth development?

A

Activin Beta A

BMP 4

63
Q

What are the four layers of cells present in the bell stage of tooth development?

A
  1. Outer enamel epithelium
  2. Stratum intermedium
  3. Stellate reticulum (ameloblasts)
  4. Inner enamel epithelium (odontoblasts)
64
Q

What is the stratum intermedium in the bell stage of tooth development?

A

layer of cells that elaborate and transport substances to the ameloblasts

65
Q

What are ameloblasts derived from?

A

Oral epithelium

66
Q

What are odontoblasts derived from?

A

neural crest cells

67
Q

What is amelogenesis?

A

process by which enamel is formed

68
Q

Where do ameolblasts elaborate enamel?

A

onto the dentin formed by odontoblasts

69
Q

What is Tome’s process?

A

the apical end of the ameloblasts in amelogenesis

70
Q

What is at the base of the ameloblasts?

A

Stratum intermedium

71
Q

What cell types carries out matrix maturation of the enamel? What happens at this stage?

A

Maturation stage ameloblasts with ruffled borders which now take up organic components of pre enamel to form mature enamel.

72
Q

When do ameloblats degenerate?

A

Around the time of tooth eruption

73
Q

What is cementum?

A

Bone-like mineralized tissue that surrounds that dentin root of teeth

74
Q

Is cementum vascular?

A

No

75
Q

What is the function of cementoblasts? Where are they derived from?

A

secrete cemuntum

Derived from mesenchymal cells

76
Q

Where are cementocytes found/

A

IN lacuna around the periodontal ligament

77
Q

What suspends that matrix of the cementum of the bone socket?

A

College I (Sharpey’s fibers)

78
Q

What is the mineralized tissue that lies deep to enamel and cementum?

A

Dentin

79
Q

What are the two proteins that dentin has that are necessary for mineralization?

A

dentin phosphoprotein and dentin sialoprotein.

80
Q

What cell type secretes dentin?

A

Odontoblasts

81
Q

What are odontoblasts derived from?

A

Neural crest cells

82
Q

What are the dentinal tubules? What are the clinical significance of these when exposed?

A

Elongated processes of the odontoblasts embedded in dentin

Cause tooth sensitivity when exposed

83
Q

Are dentin and enamel secreted throughout life?

A

Dentin is. Not enamel

84
Q

What are the three types of dentin?

A

Peritubular dentin
Intertubular dentin
Dentinal tubule

85
Q

What happens to the pulp cavity as we age?

A

Gets smaller

86
Q

What does the pulp cavity contain?

A

loose CT and vessel/nerves

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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