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Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do acidophilic striations indicate?

A

Accumulations of Mitochondria

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2
Q

What does the cytoplasm appear acidophilic (red)?

A

Lysosoms

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3
Q

How does the golgi complex show up on a basophilic stain?

A

Shows up as a negative (large pale area) since it does not have affinity for a basophilic dye

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4
Q

How do you make the golgi complex show up as a positive?

A

Use heavy metals

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5
Q

How does metchromasia appear?

A

Change in the dye when it is highly concentrated (see lab video 10:00)

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6
Q

What is magenta characteristic of?

A

Carbs

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7
Q

What are the extensions of plasma membrane that surround items to be endocytozed?

A

Pseudopodia

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8
Q

What is the name of the vesicle (made from the plasmalemma) that completely encloses an endocytozed bacteria?

A

Phagosomes

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9
Q

What are the tubular structures inside mitochondria (foldings of the inner membrane) called?

A

Cristae

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10
Q

True or false: mitochondria in cells that have a low demand for energy will have poorly developed christae

A

True

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11
Q

If a mitochondria has a shelf like appearance to its christae, what is it producing? What about for tubular?

A

ATP

Steroids

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12
Q

What is responsible for the striations seen in cells stained with acidophilic dyes (eosin for example)?

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

You are looking through a microscope and seen a granule within a mitochondria. What does this represent?

A

Deposits of CaPO4

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14
Q

True or false: the rough ER is continuous with the nucleus?

A

True

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15
Q

What are the electon-lucent channels located between the granular membranes of the rER called?

A

Cisternae

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16
Q

What type of cells have well developed rER?

A

those that secrete proteins (plasma cells, pancreatic acinar cells, peptic cells

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17
Q

What is responsible for the basophilic cytoplasm observed in light microcoscopy (what gives it a blue appearance)?

A

Ribosomes

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18
Q

What type of cells have well developed sER?

A

Liver cells, and steroid secreting cells

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19
Q

What are the lumens in the Golgi called?

A

Cisterna

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20
Q

How do you differentiate between vacuoles and transport vesicles?

A

Vacuoles appear empty

Transport vesicles appear filled with something

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21
Q

What do vacuoles represent?

A

Primary lysosomes or secretory vesicles

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22
Q

What is the characteristic that differentiates a secondary lysosome from a primary one?

A

Large black circle within the secondary (heterogeneous appearance)

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23
Q

Do primary lysosomes have a uniform, darker or lighter appearance compared to the cytosol?

A

Darker.

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24
Q

Where are lysozymes synthesized? Where are they sent to next?

A

rER –> Golgi

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25
Where do lysozymes go once they pass through the Golgi?
sorted into vesicles and delivered to early or late endosomes
26
How are secondary lysosomes formed?
Heterophagosome or an autophagosome fuses with a primary lysosome
27
How do you differentiate secondary lysosomes from residual bodies?
You don't
28
What do multivesicular bodies appear like under the EM?
Vacuoles within a membrane
29
How do multivesicular bodies get to a late endosome?
Travel along microtubules
30
How can micro-tubules be seen through the EM?
Small, hallow circles (transversely) or long lines (longitudinally)
31
What are the functions of microtubules (4)?
Provide support framework Transport of vesicles containing neurotransmitters motility of flagella and cilia Needed for mitosis
32
What is the diameter of microtubules?
24 nm
33
What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?
10-12 nm
34
What are the functions of intermediate filaments (2)?
along with microtubles, form a framework within the cell. | Evenly disperse tesile forces
35
What is the diameter of microfilaments?
~7 nm
36
What are microfilaments comprised of?
Actin
37
What is the diameter of the thick filaments of myosin?
16 nm
38
What are the functions of actin filaments?
``` formation of cleavage furrow in cytokinesis Ameboid cellular movement Formation of a structural framework Cytoplasmic streaming Mediate endo(exo)cytosis ```
39
Where can microfilaments be found?
I band of muscle cells
40
Where are the centrioles located?
Center of the cell (centrosome)
41
What are centrioles composed of?
nine, triplet arrays
42
What do centrioles do?
microtubular organizing center
43
True or false: ribosomes can be seen in the perinuclear space?
False
44
What is the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes?
perinuclear cisterna
45
What happens to the inner and outer membrane at nuclear pore sites?
They fuse
46
A cell that is in S phase will have what form of chromatin predominate?
Euchromatin
47
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Transcribe rRNA, and ribosomal subunits
48
What are fibrillary centers?
the "euchromatin" of a nucleolus where rRNA synthesis is occuring
49
What is the granular region of the nucleolus?
assembly of ribosomal subunits
50
Are lipids stored in membranes, or freely within the cell?
Freely.
51
How do lipid stores appear in a micrograph?
Big white areas
52
How do glycogen granules appear in EM?
Small, spherical, electron-dense particles in the cytoplasm
53
How do amyloid deposits appear when stained with H&E?
Glassy, red areas
54
Macrophages with carbon deposits in them are indicative of what disease?
Anthracosis
55
PAS positive granule accumulation in liver cell cytoplasm is indicative of what disease?
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
56
Polarized cells (stained with H&E) are characteristic of what cell types? Why?
Protein secreting cells d/t presence of rER and nucleus (basophilic), and secretory vesicles (acidophilic)
57
Are lysosomes acidophilic or basophilic? What type of cell demonstrates this characteristic well (hint: think of cells that have a large number of lysosomes)?
Acidophilic | Osteoclasts
58
What type of vesicles will you see between the rER and the Golgi? How about on the trans face?
Transport vesicles are on the cis face, Primary lysosomes and secretory vesicles
59
What are the enzymes present in lysosomes? Where are they made?
Lysozymes | Made by rER
60
What is the appearance of multivesicular bodies under the EM?
Bubbles in a membrane

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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