Lab 1 Flashcards
What do acidophilic striations indicate?
Accumulations of Mitochondria
What does the cytoplasm appear acidophilic (red)?
Lysosoms
How does the golgi complex show up on a basophilic stain?
Shows up as a negative (large pale area) since it does not have affinity for a basophilic dye
How do you make the golgi complex show up as a positive?
Use heavy metals
How does metchromasia appear?
Change in the dye when it is highly concentrated (see lab video 10:00)
What is magenta characteristic of?
Carbs
What are the extensions of plasma membrane that surround items to be endocytozed?
Pseudopodia
What is the name of the vesicle (made from the plasmalemma) that completely encloses an endocytozed bacteria?
Phagosomes
What are the tubular structures inside mitochondria (foldings of the inner membrane) called?
Cristae
True or false: mitochondria in cells that have a low demand for energy will have poorly developed christae
True
If a mitochondria has a shelf like appearance to its christae, what is it producing? What about for tubular?
ATP
Steroids
What is responsible for the striations seen in cells stained with acidophilic dyes (eosin for example)?
Mitochondria
You are looking through a microscope and seen a granule within a mitochondria. What does this represent?
Deposits of CaPO4
True or false: the rough ER is continuous with the nucleus?
True
What are the electon-lucent channels located between the granular membranes of the rER called?
Cisternae
What type of cells have well developed rER?
those that secrete proteins (plasma cells, pancreatic acinar cells, peptic cells
What is responsible for the basophilic cytoplasm observed in light microcoscopy (what gives it a blue appearance)?
Ribosomes
What type of cells have well developed sER?
Liver cells, and steroid secreting cells
What are the lumens in the Golgi called?
Cisterna
How do you differentiate between vacuoles and transport vesicles?
Vacuoles appear empty
Transport vesicles appear filled with something
What do vacuoles represent?
Primary lysosomes or secretory vesicles
What is the characteristic that differentiates a secondary lysosome from a primary one?
Large black circle within the secondary (heterogeneous appearance)
Do primary lysosomes have a uniform, darker or lighter appearance compared to the cytosol?
Darker.
Where are lysozymes synthesized? Where are they sent to next?
rER –> Golgi
Where do lysozymes go once they pass through the Golgi?
sorted into vesicles and delivered to early or late endosomes
How are secondary lysosomes formed?
Heterophagosome or an autophagosome fuses with a primary lysosome
How do you differentiate secondary lysosomes from residual bodies?
You don’t
What do multivesicular bodies appear like under the EM?
Vacuoles within a membrane
How do multivesicular bodies get to a late endosome?
Travel along microtubules
How can micro-tubules be seen through the EM?
Small, hallow circles (transversely) or long lines (longitudinally)
What are the functions of microtubules (4)?
Provide support framework
Transport of vesicles containing neurotransmitters
motility of flagella and cilia
Needed for mitosis
What is the diameter of microtubules?
24 nm
What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?
10-12 nm
What are the functions of intermediate filaments (2)?
along with microtubles, form a framework within the cell.
Evenly disperse tesile forces
What is the diameter of microfilaments?
~7 nm
What are microfilaments comprised of?
Actin
What is the diameter of the thick filaments of myosin?
16 nm
What are the functions of actin filaments?
formation of cleavage furrow in cytokinesis Ameboid cellular movement Formation of a structural framework Cytoplasmic streaming Mediate endo(exo)cytosis
Where can microfilaments be found?
I band of muscle cells
Where are the centrioles located?
Center of the cell (centrosome)
What are centrioles composed of?
nine, triplet arrays
What do centrioles do?
microtubular organizing center
True or false: ribosomes can be seen in the perinuclear space?
False
What is the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes?
perinuclear cisterna
What happens to the inner and outer membrane at nuclear pore sites?
They fuse
A cell that is in S phase will have what form of chromatin predominate?
Euchromatin
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Transcribe rRNA, and ribosomal subunits
What are fibrillary centers?
the “euchromatin” of a nucleolus where rRNA synthesis is occuring
What is the granular region of the nucleolus?
assembly of ribosomal subunits
Are lipids stored in membranes, or freely within the cell?
Freely.
How do lipid stores appear in a micrograph?
Big white areas
How do glycogen granules appear in EM?
Small, spherical, electron-dense particles in the cytoplasm
How do amyloid deposits appear when stained with H&E?
Glassy, red areas
Macrophages with carbon deposits in them are indicative of what disease?
Anthracosis
PAS positive granule accumulation in liver cell cytoplasm is indicative of what disease?
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Polarized cells (stained with H&E) are characteristic of what cell types? Why?
Protein secreting cells d/t presence of rER and nucleus (basophilic), and secretory vesicles (acidophilic)
Are lysosomes acidophilic or basophilic? What type of cell demonstrates this characteristic well (hint: think of cells that have a large number of lysosomes)?
Acidophilic
Osteoclasts
What type of vesicles will you see between the rER and the Golgi? How about on the trans face?
Transport vesicles are on the cis face,
Primary lysosomes and secretory vesicles
What are the enzymes present in lysosomes? Where are they made?
Lysozymes
Made by rER
What is the appearance of multivesicular bodies under the EM?
Bubbles in a membrane
