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Cell and tissue > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do acidophilic striations indicate?

A

Accumulations of Mitochondria

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2
Q

What does the cytoplasm appear acidophilic (red)?

A

Lysosoms

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3
Q

How does the golgi complex show up on a basophilic stain?

A

Shows up as a negative (large pale area) since it does not have affinity for a basophilic dye

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4
Q

How do you make the golgi complex show up as a positive?

A

Use heavy metals

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5
Q

How does metchromasia appear?

A

Change in the dye when it is highly concentrated (see lab video 10:00)

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6
Q

What is magenta characteristic of?

A

Carbs

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7
Q

What are the extensions of plasma membrane that surround items to be endocytozed?

A

Pseudopodia

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8
Q

What is the name of the vesicle (made from the plasmalemma) that completely encloses an endocytozed bacteria?

A

Phagosomes

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9
Q

What are the tubular structures inside mitochondria (foldings of the inner membrane) called?

A

Cristae

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10
Q

True or false: mitochondria in cells that have a low demand for energy will have poorly developed christae

A

True

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11
Q

If a mitochondria has a shelf like appearance to its christae, what is it producing? What about for tubular?

A

ATP

Steroids

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12
Q

What is responsible for the striations seen in cells stained with acidophilic dyes (eosin for example)?

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

You are looking through a microscope and seen a granule within a mitochondria. What does this represent?

A

Deposits of CaPO4

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14
Q

True or false: the rough ER is continuous with the nucleus?

A

True

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15
Q

What are the electon-lucent channels located between the granular membranes of the rER called?

A

Cisternae

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16
Q

What type of cells have well developed rER?

A

those that secrete proteins (plasma cells, pancreatic acinar cells, peptic cells

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17
Q

What is responsible for the basophilic cytoplasm observed in light microcoscopy (what gives it a blue appearance)?

A

Ribosomes

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18
Q

What type of cells have well developed sER?

A

Liver cells, and steroid secreting cells

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19
Q

What are the lumens in the Golgi called?

A

Cisterna

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20
Q

How do you differentiate between vacuoles and transport vesicles?

A

Vacuoles appear empty

Transport vesicles appear filled with something

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21
Q

What do vacuoles represent?

A

Primary lysosomes or secretory vesicles

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22
Q

What is the characteristic that differentiates a secondary lysosome from a primary one?

A

Large black circle within the secondary (heterogeneous appearance)

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23
Q

Do primary lysosomes have a uniform, darker or lighter appearance compared to the cytosol?

A

Darker.

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24
Q

Where are lysozymes synthesized? Where are they sent to next?

A

rER –> Golgi

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25
Q

Where do lysozymes go once they pass through the Golgi?

A

sorted into vesicles and delivered to early or late endosomes

26
Q

How are secondary lysosomes formed?

A

Heterophagosome or an autophagosome fuses with a primary lysosome

27
Q

How do you differentiate secondary lysosomes from residual bodies?

A

You don’t

28
Q

What do multivesicular bodies appear like under the EM?

A

Vacuoles within a membrane

29
Q

How do multivesicular bodies get to a late endosome?

A

Travel along microtubules

30
Q

How can micro-tubules be seen through the EM?

A

Small, hallow circles (transversely) or long lines (longitudinally)

31
Q

What are the functions of microtubules (4)?

A

Provide support framework
Transport of vesicles containing neurotransmitters
motility of flagella and cilia
Needed for mitosis

32
Q

What is the diameter of microtubules?

A

24 nm

33
Q

What is the diameter of intermediate filaments?

A

10-12 nm

34
Q

What are the functions of intermediate filaments (2)?

A

along with microtubles, form a framework within the cell.

Evenly disperse tesile forces

35
Q

What is the diameter of microfilaments?

A

~7 nm

36
Q

What are microfilaments comprised of?

A

Actin

37
Q

What is the diameter of the thick filaments of myosin?

A

16 nm

38
Q

What are the functions of actin filaments?

A 
formation of cleavage furrow in cytokinesis
Ameboid cellular movement
Formation of a structural framework
Cytoplasmic streaming
Mediate endo(exo)cytosis
39
Q

Where can microfilaments be found?

A

I band of muscle cells

40
Q

Where are the centrioles located?

A

Center of the cell (centrosome)

41
Q

What are centrioles composed of?

A

nine, triplet arrays

42
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

microtubular organizing center

43
Q

True or false: ribosomes can be seen in the perinuclear space?

A

False

44
Q

What is the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes?

A

perinuclear cisterna

45
Q

What happens to the inner and outer membrane at nuclear pore sites?

A

They fuse

46
Q

A cell that is in S phase will have what form of chromatin predominate?

A

Euchromatin

47
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Transcribe rRNA, and ribosomal subunits

48
Q

What are fibrillary centers?

A

the “euchromatin” of a nucleolus where rRNA synthesis is occuring

49
Q

What is the granular region of the nucleolus?

A

assembly of ribosomal subunits

50
Q

Are lipids stored in membranes, or freely within the cell?

A

Freely.

51
Q

How do lipid stores appear in a micrograph?

A

Big white areas

52
Q

How do glycogen granules appear in EM?

A

Small, spherical, electron-dense particles in the cytoplasm

53
Q

How do amyloid deposits appear when stained with H&E?

A

Glassy, red areas

54
Q

Macrophages with carbon deposits in them are indicative of what disease?

A

Anthracosis

55
Q

PAS positive granule accumulation in liver cell cytoplasm is indicative of what disease?

A

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

56
Q

Polarized cells (stained with H&E) are characteristic of what cell types? Why?

A

Protein secreting cells d/t presence of rER and nucleus (basophilic), and secretory vesicles (acidophilic)

57
Q

Are lysosomes acidophilic or basophilic? What type of cell demonstrates this characteristic well (hint: think of cells that have a large number of lysosomes)?

A

Acidophilic

Osteoclasts

58
Q

What type of vesicles will you see between the rER and the Golgi? How about on the trans face?

A

Transport vesicles are on the cis face,

Primary lysosomes and secretory vesicles

59
Q

What are the enzymes present in lysosomes? Where are they made?

A

Lysozymes

Made by rER

60
Q

What is the appearance of multivesicular bodies under the EM?

A

Bubbles in a membrane

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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