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Cell and tissue > GI III > Flashcards

GI III Flashcards

1
Q

What epithelium comprises the small intestines?

A

Simple colunmar with goblet cells

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2
Q

What is the function of the intraepithelial lymphocyte?

A

T cells that function for immune surveillance

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3
Q

What is the term for the lymphatic channel in the small intestine inside willi?

A

Lacteal

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4
Q

What is the function of the muscular layer surrounding lacteal?

A

Compress lacteal to move fat

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5
Q

What are the crypts of liberkuhn? What layer are these found in?

A

Invaginations of the epithelium of the small intestines.

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6
Q

What type of CT is in the lamina propria?

A

loose CT

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7
Q

True or false: the lamina propria of the small intestines are well endowed with blood and lymphatic vessels?

A

True

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8
Q

What are panth cells? What do they look like histologically?

A

Cells in the small intestine glands that secrete defensins, lysozyme, and TNF-alpha

Have granules in the apical domain

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9
Q

What are enteroendorcrine cells? What do they look like histologically?

A

Cells in the basal domain of intestinal glands that secrete hormones

Granules at the basal domain towards arteries

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10
Q

Which side of the small intestine are paneth cells found in the glands?

A

Right side

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11
Q

What epithelium comprises the duodenum?

A

Simple columnar with goblet cells

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12
Q

What glands are the hallmark feature of the duodenum? What is their function?

A

Brunner’s glands–secrete alkaline mucus and human epidermal growth factor

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13
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands more numerous: proximal or distal duodenum?

A

Proximal

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14
Q

Which wall is thicker: the jejunum or the ileum?

A

Jejunum

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15
Q

What is the function of the secretions of Brunner’s glands?

A

Mucus is basic

Human epidermal growth factor–grows epi

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16
Q

What is histologically remarkable about the jejunum relativeto other segments?

A

Nothing, really

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17
Q

Are there Plicae circularis in the ileum?

A

No

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18
Q

What is the epithelium of the Ileum?

A

Simple columnar with goblet cells

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19
Q

What is the distinguishable features of the ileum?

A

Peyer’s patches (lymphatic nodules)

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20
Q

What are M cells?

A

Antigen transporting cells in the ileum

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21
Q

What are Teniae coli?

A

3 Longitudinal bands of the muscularis externa

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22
Q

Why are the walls of the large intestine weaker, relative to the small intestine?

A

Only have circular band of muscularis, as the longitudinal one is split into three in the teniae coli

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23
Q

What are haustra?

A

The bubbly things in the large intestines

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24
Q

What does the large intestine have instead of plicae circulares?

A

Plicae semilunares

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25
Q

Does the large intestine contain villi?

A

no

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26
Q

What happens to the tenia coli in the rectum?

A

Splays out to form another complete layer to the externa

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27
Q

What epithelum comprises the large intestine?

A

Simple columnar with increasing density of goblet cells

28
Q

What happens to the number of goblet cells as you progress through the large intestine?

A

Increase in number

29
Q

Which has a well developed brush border: small or large intestines?

A

Small

30
Q

What is characteristic of the glands of the large intestine compared to the small intestine?

A

Intestinal glands are more numerous and longer

31
Q

True or false: the lymphatic vessels are well developed in the large intestine

A

False

32
Q

What layer are the lymphatic channels in, in the large intestine?

A

lamina propria

33
Q

How do lymphatic channels spread in the large intestines?

A

Radially

34
Q

Are there M cells and lymphatic patches in the large intestine?

A

Yes

35
Q

Does the appendix have villi?

A

No

36
Q

Which layer are the lymphatic nodules in, in the appendix?

A

Lamina propria and submucosa

37
Q

Does the appendix have teniae coli?

A

No–has two complete layers like small intestine

38
Q

The mucosa of the appendix resembles (blank), whereas the muscularis resembles (blank).

[small/large intestine]

A

The mucosa of the appendix resembles the large intestine, whereas the muscularis resembles the small intestine.

39
Q

What makes the appendix and illeum similar? Different?

A 
Similar = lymphatic tissue
Different = no villi
40
Q

What are the two mechanisms that can bring about appendicitis?

A

Fecaltihs

Infection of wall

41
Q

Will the muscularis of the rectum have two complete layers to the muscularis externa?

A

Yes

42
Q

What are the three permanent folds of the rectum? What layers comprise these?

A

Transverse rectal folds (valves of Houston)

Comprised of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

43
Q

What is the line that divides the anal canal from how it is derived during development?

A

Pectinate (detate) line

44
Q

Above the pectinate line, what are the layers derived from? Below?

A

Above =Hindgut

Below = Proctadeum

45
Q

What is the innervation above and below the pectinate line?

A 
Above = ANS
Below = Somatics
46
Q

Where does lymph from below the pectinate line drain to? Above?

A

Above = abdominal lymphatics

Below = Superficial inguinal nodes

47
Q

What is the epithelium above the pectinate line?

A

Above = Simple columnar with goblet cells

Below =

48
Q

What are the anal column?

A

longitudinal folds of submucosa and mucosa

49
Q

What are the anal valves and sinuses?

A

Valves/sinuses located between distal and adjacent anal columns

50
Q

What/where is the internal hemorrhoidal plexus?

A

Venous plexus in the submucosa above the pectinate line

51
Q

What are the anal cushions?

A

Musoca of CT, smooth muscle, and blood vessels in the anal canal that function in anal continence

52
Q

Where are the three anal cushions located when looking at the anus in a supine position?

A

Left lateral
Right anterior
Right posterior

53
Q

What is the clinical significance of the anal cushions?

A

Where hemorrhoids develop

54
Q

What is the epithelial composition below the pecinate line?

A

Stratifed squamous keritinized

55
Q

What is the white line of Hilton?

A

Transition area in the anal canal that separates the internal and external anal sphincter

56
Q

What is the function of the anal sinuses?

A

Glands empty into these spaces

57
Q

What is a fistula in ano?

A

Abscess formed fistula that connects the external surface of the anus to the rectum

58
Q

What are the two major reasons that the wall of the sigmoid colon is weak? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Blood vessel penetration
Incomplete transverse muscularis externa

Diverticula

59
Q

What is the difference of false and true diverticula?

A

True = Involve all layers of the intestinal wall

False = just mucosa and submucosa

60
Q

How do colonic polyps develop?

A

Robust proliferative activity of colonic cells

61
Q

What are the two architectural patterns that colonic polyps can form? Which one is more likely to become invasive?

A

Tubular

Villous (invasive)

62
Q

Are the lymphatics of the large intestines better developed in IBD?

A

yes

63
Q

What is the stain that you would use to label the lymphatic vessels of the large intestines?

A

D2-40

64
Q

What part of the GI tube can Crohn’s disease impact?

A

Anywhere from mouth to anus

65
Q

Where is ulcerative colitis located?

A

Large intestine and perhaps the distal ileum

66
Q

What may form in Crohn’s disease from fissures of the walls of the GI tube?

A

Fistula

67
Q

What is Hirschsprung’s disease? What does it cause, and where is this issue ALWAYS found?

A

Aganglionic colon d/t incomplete migration of neural crest cells.

Causes megacolon in the rectum

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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