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Exocrine glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two categories of galnds?

A

Endocrine and expocrine

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2
Q

What type of tissue are glands derived from?

A

Epithelial tissue

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3
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Glands that synthesize and release hormones into the blood

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4
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Glands whose secretions are conveyed in epithelial-lined excretory ducts

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5
Q

What significance do glands have in disease?

A

CA (adenoma/carinoma)

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6
Q

How are exocrine glands classified (3)?

A

by the

  1. type of secretion
  2. mode of secretion
  3. cell numbers
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7
Q

What are the four different types of secretions that glands can have?

A

mucous
Serous
Mixed
Sebaceous

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8
Q

What do mucus glands secrete?

A

Secrete mucinogens, large glycosylated proteins (PAS positive), that when hydrated form a thick (viscous), protective fluid called mucin. Mucin is a component of mucus.

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9
Q

What are serous secretions?

A

Watery enzyme laden secretions (parotid and exocrine)

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10
Q

What are mixed gland secretions?

A

serous and mucous

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11
Q

What are sebaceous secretions?

A

waxy oily substances (skin)

Sebum

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12
Q

What are the three classifications that glands can have based on their mode of secretion?

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

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13
Q

What is merocrine secretion?

A

Exocytosis w/o loss of membrane

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14
Q

What is the most common mode of secretion?

A

Merocrine

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15
Q

What is apocrine secretion?

A

Secretory product is released along with apical cytoplasm and apical plasmalemma

(lipids in breast milk)

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16
Q

What is holocrine secretion?

A

When entire cell and its secretory product released

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17
Q

What are the two types of classification of glands based on their cellular number?

A

unicellular

multicellular (organized glands)

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18
Q

What stain would be used to identify goblet cells?

A

PAS (there are glycosylated proteins in mucus)

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19
Q

Acinar cells are formed by the formation of what?

A

Acinus

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20
Q

What are two key characteristics of mucus secreting cells?

A

Pale area where mucus is, and a nucleus pushed/flattened to the periphery

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21
Q

What are the two key characteristics of serous cells?

A

Acidophilic cytoplasm, round nucleus

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22
Q

What are the two key characteristics of sebeaceous cells?

A

Clear cytoplasm

Central, round nucleus

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23
Q

What type of cells/proteins are common with acne?

A

Giant cells

Collagen deposition

24
Q

What are the two major shapes that glands can have? What is the next subdivision?

A

Acinus
Tubular

Simple/complex

25
What are the two divisions of duct systems?
Simple | Compound
26
What are simple duct systems?
single, unbranched duct conveys secretory product to epithelial surface
27
What are complex ducts?
Branching ducts exist which converge to form a single duct
28
What are intralobular ducts?
Ducts that are found within the lobule of exocrine glands
29
Goblet cells are what type of glands?
Unicellular glands
30
What are the four different types of lobular ducts?
Acinus Intercalated ducts Striated ducts Intralobular ducts
31
What are the two intralobular ducsts?
Intercalated ducts | Striated ducts
32
What are intercalated ducts?
Ducts that run between lobules, and have simple cuboidal cells
33
What is responsible for the striations in the striated ducts?
Mitochondria aranged in a palisade
34
Where are interlobular ducts found?
Between lobes
35
What are myoepithelial cells?
Contractiel cells derived from the epithelium that contain actin and myosin
36
Where are myoepithelial cells found?
Surround the secretory units of many of multicellular glands
37
What is the function of myoepithelial cells?
Contraction of myoepithelial cells expresses the secretion from the gland
38
What are the two types of compound glands discussed in class?
Parotid and submandibular
39
What are the three major identifying factors for striated ducts?
1. Acidophilic 2. Striations 3. nuclei push toward opening
40
What is the parotid gland's classification? What does it secrete?
Compound acinar that is purely serous
41
What are submandibular glands' classification? What do they secrete?
Compound tubuloacinar with mixed scretions (primarily serous)
42
What is the sublingual gland's classification? What does it secrete?
``` Compound tubuloacinar Primarily mucus (but also serous) ```
43
What are serous demilunes?
Artifacts where a cap of serous cells penetrate between the mucus cells? This is due to prep.
44
What is Sjögren syndrome?
Autoimmune disease that causes dry eyes and mouth, and parotid gland swelling Salivary and lacrimal glands are infiltrated with T cells; glands become fibrotic
45
What are the serological markers for Sjögren syndrome?
Serologic marker antibodies are directed against two ribonucleoproteins: SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La)
46
What type of gland is the pancreas? What is histologicall unique to it?
Compound acinar No striated ducts
47
What is the way to differentiate the pancreas and the parotid?
NO striated ducts in the pancreas centroacinar cells
48
What is the classification of goblet cells?
Unicellular
49
What is the classification of the luminal surface of the stomach?
Multicellular sheet
50
What is the classification of Paraurethral glands?
Simple acinar
51
What is the classification of sebaceous glands?
Simple branched acinar
52
What is the classification of intestinal glands?
Simple tubular
53
What is the classification of sweat glands?
Simple coiled tubular
54
What is the classification of the glands of the stomach hand duodeanal glands?
Simple branched tubular
55
What is the classification of the pancreas and parotid glands?
Compound acinar
56
What is the classification of the bulbouretheral glands?
Compound tubular
57
What is the classification of submandibular and sublingual glands?
Ccompound tubuloacinar

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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