Exocrine glands Flashcards
What are the two categories of galnds?
Endocrine and expocrine
What type of tissue are glands derived from?
Epithelial tissue
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that synthesize and release hormones into the blood
What are exocrine glands?
Glands whose secretions are conveyed in epithelial-lined excretory ducts
What significance do glands have in disease?
CA (adenoma/carinoma)
How are exocrine glands classified (3)?
by the
- type of secretion
- mode of secretion
- cell numbers
What are the four different types of secretions that glands can have?
mucous
Serous
Mixed
Sebaceous
What do mucus glands secrete?
Secrete mucinogens, large glycosylated proteins (PAS positive), that when hydrated form a thick (viscous), protective fluid called mucin. Mucin is a component of mucus.
What are serous secretions?
Watery enzyme laden secretions (parotid and exocrine)
What are mixed gland secretions?
serous and mucous
What are sebaceous secretions?
waxy oily substances (skin)
Sebum
What are the three classifications that glands can have based on their mode of secretion?
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
What is merocrine secretion?
Exocytosis w/o loss of membrane
What is the most common mode of secretion?
Merocrine
What is apocrine secretion?
Secretory product is released along with apical cytoplasm and apical plasmalemma
(lipids in breast milk)
What is holocrine secretion?
When entire cell and its secretory product released
What are the two types of classification of glands based on their cellular number?
unicellular
multicellular (organized glands)
What stain would be used to identify goblet cells?
PAS (there are glycosylated proteins in mucus)
Acinar cells are formed by the formation of what?
Acinus
What are two key characteristics of mucus secreting cells?
Pale area where mucus is, and a nucleus pushed/flattened to the periphery
What are the two key characteristics of serous cells?
Acidophilic cytoplasm, round nucleus
What are the two key characteristics of sebeaceous cells?
Clear cytoplasm
Central, round nucleus
What type of cells/proteins are common with acne?
Giant cells
Collagen deposition
What are the two major shapes that glands can have? What is the next subdivision?
Acinus
Tubular
Simple/complex
What are the two divisions of duct systems?
Simple
Compound
What are simple duct systems?
single, unbranched duct conveys secretory product to epithelial surface
What are complex ducts?
Branching ducts exist which converge to form a single duct
What are intralobular ducts?
Ducts that are found within the lobule of exocrine glands
Goblet cells are what type of glands?
Unicellular glands
What are the four different types of lobular ducts?
Acinus
Intercalated ducts
Striated ducts
Intralobular ducts
What are the two intralobular ducsts?
Intercalated ducts
Striated ducts
What are intercalated ducts?
Ducts that run between lobules, and have simple cuboidal cells
What is responsible for the striations in the striated ducts?
Mitochondria aranged in a palisade
Where are interlobular ducts found?
Between lobes
What are myoepithelial cells?
Contractiel cells derived from the epithelium that contain actin and myosin
Where are myoepithelial cells found?
Surround the secretory units of many of multicellular glands
What is the function of myoepithelial cells?
Contraction of myoepithelial cells expresses the secretion from the gland
What are the two types of compound glands discussed in class?
Parotid and submandibular
What are the three major identifying factors for striated ducts?
- Acidophilic
- Striations
- nuclei push toward opening
What is the parotid gland’s classification? What does it secrete?
Compound acinar that is purely serous
What are submandibular glands’ classification? What do they secrete?
Compound tubuloacinar with mixed scretions (primarily serous)
What is the sublingual gland’s classification? What does it secrete?
Compound tubuloacinar Primarily mucus (but also serous)
What are serous demilunes?
Artifacts where a cap of serous cells penetrate between the mucus cells? This is due to prep.
What is Sjögren syndrome?
Autoimmune disease that causes dry eyes and mouth, and parotid gland swelling
Salivary and lacrimal glands are infiltrated with T cells; glands become fibrotic
What are the serological markers for Sjögren syndrome?
Serologic marker antibodies are directed against two ribonucleoproteins: SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La)
What type of gland is the pancreas? What is histologicall unique to it?
Compound acinar
No striated ducts
What is the way to differentiate the pancreas and the parotid?
NO striated ducts in the pancreas
centroacinar cells
What is the classification of goblet cells?
Unicellular
What is the classification of the luminal surface of the stomach?
Multicellular sheet
What is the classification of Paraurethral glands?
Simple acinar
What is the classification of sebaceous glands?
Simple branched acinar
What is the classification of intestinal glands?
Simple tubular
What is the classification of sweat glands?
Simple coiled tubular
What is the classification of the glands of the stomach hand duodeanal glands?
Simple branched tubular
What is the classification of the pancreas and parotid glands?
Compound acinar
What is the classification of the bulbouretheral glands?
Compound tubular
What is the classification of submandibular and sublingual glands?
Ccompound tubuloacinar
