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Cell and tissue > GI IV > Flashcards

GI IV Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CT that surrounds the liver called? What is it made of?

A

Glisson’s capsule–collagen III

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2
Q

What makes up the framework of the liver?

A

Reticular fibers

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3
Q

Is glisson’s capulse innervated by nerves?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What is just superficial to Glisson’s capsule?

A

The visceral peritoneum

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5
Q

What is the shape of the classic hepatic lobule? What is in the center of these lobules? At the corners?

A

Hexagon
Center = central vein
Corners = hepatic veins and arteries

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6
Q

What are the three components of the portal triad?

A
  1. Branches of hepatic artery
  2. Portal vein
  3. Bile duct
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7
Q

What are the spaces that are located between the CT and adjacent hepatocytes?

A

Periportal spaces (spaces of Mall)

A site of lymph origin

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8
Q

What is the epithelial lining of bile ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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9
Q

What is the blood suppler to hepatic lobules?

A

portal vein and hepatic artery

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10
Q

Where are Kuppfer cells located in the liver?

A

Hepatic sinusoids

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11
Q

What is histologically significant about the sinusoidal endothelium? Does it have a BL?

A

Fenestrated endothelium with absent or very discontinuous BL

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12
Q

What space sits between the endothelium of the hepatic sinusoids, and the hepatic cells? What specialization is present here?

A

Perisinusodial space, filled with Microvilli

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13
Q

What is the unique signature feature of hepatic stellate cells? Where are these cells found?

A

Lipid material (vit A)

These cells are found in the perisinusoidal space

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14
Q

What are the apexes of hepatic acini?

A

Central vein, to two triads

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15
Q

How are the zones of the hepatic acini arranged?

A

1, 2, 3, with 1 being close to triads, and 3 being close to the central vein

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16
Q

Which cells in hepatic acini are most susceptible to damage? Why?

A

Cells in zone 3, because of decreased oxygen supply and increased metabolic waste

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17
Q

What are the three enzymes that are high in concentration in zone 3 of hepatic acini?

A

Glycolysis
FA synthesis
Detox

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18
Q

What are the four chemicals/enzymes that are high in concentration in zone 1 of hepatic acini?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. extrahepatic hormones
  3. Glucose liberating enzymes
  4. FA oxidation enz
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19
Q

Which zone of the hepatic acini are in the perilobular region? Centrolobular?

A 
Perilobular = 1
Centrolobular = 3
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20
Q

What happens to colloid osmotic pressure when there is damage to the liver?

A

Goes down d/t decrease albumin

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21
Q

What happens to blood clotting when there is severe damage to the liver?

A

Clotting time increased d/t lower fibrinogen/prothrombin synthesis

22
Q

What produces bile acids?

A

sER of hepatocytes

23
Q

What is the function of the liver in the heme degradation pathway?

A

Conjugate bili

24
Q

What is Dubin-johnson syndrome?

A

decreased secretion of conjugated bilirubin due to the absence of the mdr-2 canalicular transport protein

25
Q

What is Gilbert syndrome?

A

Decreased conjugation of bili

26
Q

What is Crigler-Najjar syndrome? What are the two types?

A

bilirubin conjugation is reduced (type II) or absent (type I)

27
Q

What happens to the liver in alcoholic cirrhosis?

A

Increased deposition of collagen

28
Q

What are the cells that are responsible for the CT deposition in alcoholic cirrhosis? What else do they do?

A

Stellate cells deposit collagen, divide, ad become contractile (causes ischemia)

29
Q

What is the beginning portion of the bile duct system?

A

Bile cannuliculus

30
Q

What limits bile canaliculi?

A

The plasma membrane of two hepatocytes

31
Q

What is the canal of Hering?

A

The beginning of a bile duct

32
Q

What are the two stem cell types found within a bile duct?

A

Ductular cells and periducular null cells

33
Q

What are the canals of Hering lined by?

A

lined by simple cuboidal cholangiocytes and hepatocytes; stem cell niche

34
Q

What type of epithelium are the bile ducts lined by?

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar

35
Q

What type of epithelium are the hepatic ducts lined by?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

36
Q

What type of junctions exist between hepatic cells in the bile duct?

A

Tight junctions

37
Q

What are the three layers of the gallbladder?

A
  1. mucosa
  2. muscularis
  3. CT layer
38
Q

Is there a muscularis mucosa in the gallbladder?

A

no

39
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the gallbladder?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

40
Q

What are the sinuses that are located in the gallbladder called? What layer of the gallbladder can these extend through?

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses may extend through muscularis

41
Q

What is cholesterolosis?

A

Benign accumulation of cholesterol in the gallbladder by macrophages

42
Q

How is the muscularis of the gallbladder orientated?

A

random

43
Q

What type of CT surrounds the gallbladder?

A

Dense collagenous CT

44
Q

What type of membrane is found on the peritoneal surface of the gallbladder? Hepatic surface?

A

Serous membrane (serosa) on its peritoneal surface and adventitia on its hepatic surface

45
Q

The gallbladder does not have a submucosa or serosa on its hepatic surface. What is the clinical significance of this?

A

facilitates invasion of GB cancer to the liver

46
Q

What type of glands are in the pancreas?

A

Compound acinar

47
Q

The base of pancreas cells rest on what?

A

A Basal Lamina

48
Q

Is the base of pancreas cells acidophilic or basophilic? The apex?

A 
Apex = acidophilic
Base = basophilic
49
Q

What type of epithelium lines the intercalated ducts of the pancreas?

A

Simple cuboidal

50
Q

What do pancreatic duct cells secrete?

A

Water, HCO3

51
Q

What are the two primary causes of pancreatitis?

A

EtOH use and gallstones

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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