Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell and tissue > Vascular bio III > Flashcards

Vascular bio III Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two factors that lead to increased vascular stress?

A

Increased pressure

Increased flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What drives transformational changes in blood vessels?

A

Changes in stress on the walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

High flow leads to what two major changes in a vessel?

A

Increase in outside diameter

Increase in luminal diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Low flow leads to what two major changes in a vessel?

A

Decrease in outside diameter

Decrease in luminal diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Increased pressure in large arteries leads to what change?

A 
Outward hypertrophy
(vessel becomes larger in diameter as wall becomes thicker and diameter of lumen remains unchanged)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Increased pressure in small arteries leads to what change?

A 
Inward hypertrophy
(outside diameter remains unchanged as wall becomes thicker and the diameter of lumen decreases)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is there a change in wall thickness in arteries in response to increased flow?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three responses arterioles have in response to increased pressure?

A
  1. Inward hypertrophy
  2. Inward remodeling (eutrophic)
  3. Rarefaction (disappear)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three layers of the heart, and what do they correspond to compared to arteries?

A
  1. Endocardium (tunica intima)
  2. Myocardium (tunica media)
  3. Epicardium (tunica adventitia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of epithelial cell layer comprises the endocardium?

A

simple squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the myoelastic layer of the heart endocarium comprised of?

A

Smooth muscle, as well as elastic and collagen fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three muscle cell types foind in the myocardium?

A

Contractile
Myoendocrine
Specialized conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four layers of the endocardium?

A
  1. Endothelium +basal lamina
  2. Subendothelial layer
  3. myoelastic layer
  4. Subendocarium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the contents of the subendothelial layers of the endocardium?

A
  1. Loose CT
  2. Small blood vessels
  3. Nerve fibers
  4. Purkinje fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What layer of the heart are Purkinje fibers found?

A

The subendocaridum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are purkinje fibers found in atria?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which layer is the thickest when looking at a cross section of a ventricle?

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two types of granules that are found in myoendocrine cells in the myocardium? What do these function as?

A

Atrial natriuretic factor
B-type natriuretic factor

Both are diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of CT is found in the epicardium of the sulci of the heart? What does this sit between?

A

Adipose

Separates the myocardium and the epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the outer layer of the epicarium? What type of epithelium comprises this area?

A

Mesothelium

Simple squamous + BL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most discernible component of the epicardium of the heart outside the sulci?

A

Fibro-collagenous component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the cardiac skeleton?

A

Anchoring the cardiac muscle and valves

Electrical insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton made of?

A

Dense CT (collagen etc, NOT bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three components of the AV valves?

A

Atrialis
Spongiosa
Fibrosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the atrialis?

A

Elastic and collagenous tissue structure subjacent to endothelium that helps to contract the valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the spongiosa?

A

Middle layer of loose CT that serves as a shock absorber in the cardiac endothelium

Rich in proteoglycans

27
Q

What is the fibrosa part of the cardiac endothelium?

A

core of denser irregular collagenous tissue for mechanical integrity. Is subjacent to endothelium of ventricular surface

28
Q

Of the three layers of the atria (atrialis, spogiosa, and fibrosa), which layer faces the atrium? The ventricle?

A 
Atrium = atrialis
Ventricle = fibrosa
29
Q

What is myxomatous?

A

degeneration of AV valve (floppy valve)

Possibly due to overexpression of dermatin sulfate

30
Q

What are the three layers of the ventricles?

A
  1. Fibrosa
  2. Spongiosa
  3. Ventricularis
31
Q

What is the fibrosa of the semilunar valves (composition/function)?

A

Core of irregular collagenous tissue for mechanical integrity

It is subadjacent to endothelium

32
Q

What is the spongiosa of the semilunar valves?

A

Middle layer

33
Q

What is the ventricularis of the semilunar valves (composition/function)?

A

layer of elastic and collagen tissue subjacent to endothelium of ventricular surface

34
Q

Where is the fibrosa of semilunar valves situated relative to the aorta/ventricle? Ventricularis?

A 
Fibrosa = aortic side
Ventricularis = ventricular side
35
Q

What is the difference between the fibrosa of the semilunar valves, compared to the AV valves?

A

Much thicker fibrosa d/t increased pressure in the ventricles

36
Q

The conduction system of the heart is composed of what type of cells (generally)?

A

Modified muscle cells

37
Q

What are the three major structures that comprise the conduction tissue of the heart?

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
38
Q

Which is larger, the RBB or the LBB?

A

LBB

39
Q

Why does teh SA node stain lighter than normal cardiac muscle cells?

A

Fewer myofibrils

Cells are smaller

40
Q

The bundle of his is connected to msucle cells by what?

A

Gap junctions

41
Q

What are the five major histological characterisitcs of Purkinje cells?

A
  1. Clear cytoplasm
  2. few myofibrils
  3. Abundant glycogen
  4. 1-2 nuclei per cell
  5. 2x diamter of cardiac muscle cells
42
Q

Are Purkinje fiber cells acidophilic or basophilic?

A

Acidophilic d/t few myofibrils

43
Q

What is the physiological significance of Purkinje cells being larger than cardiac myocytes?

A

Better/faster transmission of electrical signals

44
Q

What is the physiological significance of gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells?

A

Fast transmission of electrical signals

45
Q

Where do cardiac stem cells exist?

A

AV sulcus

46
Q

What is the function of cardiac stem cells?

A

Migrate from the AV sulcus to sites of injury

47
Q

What do cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and early committed cells (ECCs) differentiate into?

A

SMCs and endothelial cells

48
Q

Are heart cells replaced throughout our lifetime?

A

Yes, 11-15 times via cardiac stem cells

49
Q

True or false: lymph capillaries are blind ended?

A

True

50
Q

Are there pericytes or smooth muscles cells around lymphatic capillaries?

A

Negative

51
Q

What are lymphatic vessels lined by?

A

incomplete BL + single layer of endothelial cells

52
Q

What anchors lymph capillaries to prevent them from collapsing on themselves?

A

Microfibrils

53
Q

True or false: lymph capillaries transport RBCs and leukocytes

A

False–no RBCs, just leukocytes

54
Q

What is the physiological significance of the openings found in lymph capillaries?

A

Easy movement of lymph from the ECM

55
Q

Why is there no basal lamina in lymph capillaries?

A

It would hider lymph flow

56
Q

Are lymphatic vessels’ walls thinner, thicker, or about the same as veins?

A

Thinner

57
Q

Are there valves in lymphatic vessels?

A

Yes

58
Q

Is there smooth muscle surrouding lymphatic ducts?

A

Yes

59
Q

How can one differentiate veins from lymphatic vessels when looking at a slide that has both?

A

Lymph will not have RBCs, veins will

60
Q

What happens histologically as you move from small to medium/larger lymph capillaries?

A

Smooth muscle becomes present in the tunica media

61
Q

What is LYVE-1 and why do you care?

A

A specific lymphatic endothelial marker that can be overexpressed in CA

62
Q

Rheumatic fever is caused by what bacteria?

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

63
Q

What is the immune response in rheumatic fever?

A

mitral valve vegetations and Aschoff body formation (focus of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages).

These morphologic changes are due to antibodies cross-reacting with self-antigens in the heart and T cell-mediated reactions.

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions