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Cell and tissue > Lab test 2 > Flashcards

Lab test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The zone of proliferation is characterized by what?

A

Stacked chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage

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2
Q

What is the the next zone of chondro ossification after the zone of proliferation? How does this look compared to the zone of proliferation?

A

The zone of maturation, where the stacked chondrocytes lacunae increase in size

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3
Q

What is the zone after the zone of maturation? How does this appear compared to the zone of maturation?

A

The zone of hypertrophy, characterized by increased lacunae size, and calcification

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4
Q

What is the zone after the zone of hypertrohpy? How does this appear compared to the zone of hypertrophy?

A

The zone of calcification

No cells, as well as increased calcified cartilage

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5
Q

Does calcified cartilage have cells?

A

No

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6
Q

What is the zone after the zone of calcification?

A

The zone of resorption

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7
Q

What is characteristic of calcified cartilage histologically? How does this compare to bone?

A

It is very basophilic, and will stain lighter than bone

Also, cells are ABSENT

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8
Q

Is osteoid acidophilic or basophilic?

A

Acidophilic

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9
Q

Are osteoclasts acidophilic or basophilic?

A

Acidphilic

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10
Q

What are the three characteristics of plasma cells histologically?

A
  1. eccentrically place nuclei
  2. clockface/ heterochromatic nucleus
  3. Negative golgi
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11
Q

How can you distinguish between elastic fibers and reticular fibers?

A

By the type of cells that surround them

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12
Q

How do reticular fibers and elastic fibers appear histologically?

A

Black fibers that branch

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13
Q

Is bone acidophilic or basophilic?

A

acidophilic

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14
Q

Are osteoblasts acidophilic or basophilic? What shape are they? Does their gogli stain well? How will its nucleus appear?

A
  1. Basophilic (ribosomes)
  2. Cuboidal shape
  3. negtive golgi
  4. Euchromatic nucleus
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15
Q

Are osteoclasts acidophilic or basophilic? Do they have one or many nuclei?

A

Acidophilic due to lysosomes

Multinucleated

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16
Q

What are the canals that connect Halversian canals?

A

Volkmann’s

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17
Q

Is the periosteum acidophilic or basophilic?

A

acidophilic

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18
Q

What type of connective tissue is in periosteum?

A

Dense, irregular

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19
Q

Where in the periosteum are osteoblasts?

A

In the dark layer on the matrix side

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20
Q

Are multipolar neurons acidophilic or basophilic?

A

Basophilic due to rER

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21
Q

What is the nissl substance?

A

rER

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22
Q

How does the axon hillock appear?

A

Devoid of nissl substance

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23
Q

What is the black ring the surrounds some neuron?

A

The myelin of a Schwann cell

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24
Q

How does myelin appear in micrographs?

A

Black (osmium i think)

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25
Q

What type of neurons will you see in a cross section of a dorsal root ganglia?

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

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26
Q

What shape are pseudounipolar neurons? Do they have euchromatic or heterochromatic nuclei? What other basophilic substance do they have?

A

Oval or round shape
Heterochromatic
Nissl bodies

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27
Q

What surrounds the soma of a pseudounipolar neurons?

A

Satellite cells

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28
Q

How are multiple pseudounipolar neurons arranged relative to each other?

A

in clumps

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29
Q

What type of neurons are motor neurons? How does their nucleus appear?

A

Multipolar

Euchromatic nucleus

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30
Q

How do cells aggregate in motor neurons in the ANS?

A

Dispersed

31
Q

Why are there fewer satellite cells around multipolar nerve cells?

A

More dendrites

32
Q

Looking at a micrograph, you see a very dark cell body with a single process sticking off of it, followed by a huge branching network from that single process. What type of cell is this?

A

Purkinje cell in the brain

33
Q

Where are pyramidal cells located? What type of neurons are these?

A

Cerebral cortex

Motor neurons with multipolar bodies

34
Q

What are the stellate shaped glial cells?

A

Astrocytes

35
Q

How do Ependymal cells appear? Where are they found? What specialization do they have?

A

Simple cuboidal/columnar the surround ventricles/spinal cord

Specialization = cili

36
Q

Looking at a micrograph, you see a glial cell that is black, has tiny cellular processes, and a small nucleus. What type of cell is this?

A

Microglial

37
Q

How do skeletal muscle cell nuclei appear?

A

Elongated and euchromatic

38
Q

What surrounds muscle fasicles? What is its function?

A

Perimysium provide nutrients

39
Q

What are the more lightly stained parts of the muscles cells?

A

I bands

40
Q

What is the black line that lies within I bands?

A

Z plate

41
Q

What are the dark staining areas in striated muscles?

A

A bands

42
Q

What are the three features of cardiac muscles?

A
  1. Oval, central nucleus
  2. Branching pattern
  3. Intercalated disc
43
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Connections between cardiac muscle cells

44
Q

How much vascularity is there in cardiac muscle?

A

Tons

45
Q

How do nuclei appear in smooth muscle cells?

A

SUPER elongated (fusiform appearance)

46
Q

Are muscle cells cyptoplasm acidophilic or basophilic?

A

Acidophilic

47
Q

Are smooth muscle cells striated?

A

No

48
Q

What is the only muscle type that does not have a centrally located nucleus?

A

Skeletal muscle

49
Q

What forms the roof of the scal media? The floor?

A

Roof = vestibular membrane

Floor = Basilar membrane

50
Q

What is produced from the stria vascularis?

A

Endolymph

51
Q

What is the bone that is on the side of the scala media?

A

Osseous spiral lamina

52
Q

What is the the lamina that sits above the osseous spiral lamina, and lateral to the scala media?

A

Spiral lamina

53
Q

What sits below the osseous spiral lamina?

A

Nerve fibers of the auditory nerve

54
Q

What is the tunnel of corti?

A

The tunnel within the scala media what sits between the inner and outer phalangeal cells

55
Q

What are the cells lateral and medial to the tunnel of corti?

A

Inner phalangeal cell (medially)

Outer “ “ (laterally)

56
Q

What is the cell type that sits above the tunnel of corti?

A

Inner hair cells

57
Q

What is the large structure that sits medially to the scala tympani and scala media?

A

Spiral ganglion

58
Q

Where is the stria vascularis located?

A

Lateral wall of the scala media

59
Q

What sits below the osseous spiral lamina?

A

Nerve fibers of the auditory nerve

60
Q

Where will the nuclei of the hair cells reside, relative to their supporting phalangeal cells?

A

Above them

61
Q

What are the inner and outer pillar cells?

A

The cells that sit in the corners of the tunnel of corti

62
Q

Where is the crista ampularris?

A

In the semicircular canals

63
Q

What is immediately deep to the cupula of the crita ampularris?

A

Hair cells

64
Q

Where is the macula found?

A

In the urticle or the saccule

65
Q

What are unique to the macula?

A

Otoliths

66
Q

Relaxing of the ciliary body does what to the lens?

A

Adds tension

67
Q

Contraction of the ciliary body does what to the lens?

A

Relaxes the lens

68
Q

The apical portion of muller cells produce what?

A

The outer limiting membrane

69
Q

The basal lamina of muller cells produce what?

A

The inner limiting membrane

70
Q

What is the muscle that is anterior to the pigmented epithelium?

A

Sphincter pupillae

71
Q

Where is the epithelial layer of cell in the lens?

A

On the anterior portion

72
Q

What type of epithelium is on the anterior portion of the lens?

A

Columnar if developing

Cuboidal if fully developed

73
Q

What is the type of epithelium that comprises the endothelium of the cornea?

A

Simple squamous

74
Q

What type of muscle does the ciliary body of the eye contain (smooth or skeletal)?

A

Smooth

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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