Lab test 2 Flashcards
The zone of proliferation is characterized by what?
Stacked chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage
What is the the next zone of chondro ossification after the zone of proliferation? How does this look compared to the zone of proliferation?
The zone of maturation, where the stacked chondrocytes lacunae increase in size
What is the zone after the zone of maturation? How does this appear compared to the zone of maturation?
The zone of hypertrophy, characterized by increased lacunae size, and calcification
What is the zone after the zone of hypertrohpy? How does this appear compared to the zone of hypertrophy?
The zone of calcification
No cells, as well as increased calcified cartilage
Does calcified cartilage have cells?
No
What is the zone after the zone of calcification?
The zone of resorption
What is characteristic of calcified cartilage histologically? How does this compare to bone?
It is very basophilic, and will stain lighter than bone
Also, cells are ABSENT
Is osteoid acidophilic or basophilic?
Acidophilic
Are osteoclasts acidophilic or basophilic?
Acidphilic
What are the three characteristics of plasma cells histologically?
- eccentrically place nuclei
- clockface/ heterochromatic nucleus
- Negative golgi
How can you distinguish between elastic fibers and reticular fibers?
By the type of cells that surround them
How do reticular fibers and elastic fibers appear histologically?
Black fibers that branch
Is bone acidophilic or basophilic?
acidophilic
Are osteoblasts acidophilic or basophilic? What shape are they? Does their gogli stain well? How will its nucleus appear?
- Basophilic (ribosomes)
- Cuboidal shape
- negtive golgi
- Euchromatic nucleus
Are osteoclasts acidophilic or basophilic? Do they have one or many nuclei?
Acidophilic due to lysosomes
Multinucleated
What are the canals that connect Halversian canals?
Volkmann’s
Is the periosteum acidophilic or basophilic?
acidophilic
What type of connective tissue is in periosteum?
Dense, irregular
Where in the periosteum are osteoblasts?
In the dark layer on the matrix side
Are multipolar neurons acidophilic or basophilic?
Basophilic due to rER
What is the nissl substance?
rER
How does the axon hillock appear?
Devoid of nissl substance
What is the black ring the surrounds some neuron?
The myelin of a Schwann cell
How does myelin appear in micrographs?
Black (osmium i think)
What type of neurons will you see in a cross section of a dorsal root ganglia?
Pseudounipolar neurons
What shape are pseudounipolar neurons? Do they have euchromatic or heterochromatic nuclei? What other basophilic substance do they have?
Oval or round shape
Heterochromatic
Nissl bodies
What surrounds the soma of a pseudounipolar neurons?
Satellite cells
How are multiple pseudounipolar neurons arranged relative to each other?
in clumps
What type of neurons are motor neurons? How does their nucleus appear?
Multipolar
Euchromatic nucleus
How do cells aggregate in motor neurons in the ANS?
Dispersed
Why are there fewer satellite cells around multipolar nerve cells?
More dendrites
Looking at a micrograph, you see a very dark cell body with a single process sticking off of it, followed by a huge branching network from that single process. What type of cell is this?
Purkinje cell in the brain
Where are pyramidal cells located? What type of neurons are these?
Cerebral cortex
Motor neurons with multipolar bodies
What are the stellate shaped glial cells?
Astrocytes
How do Ependymal cells appear? Where are they found? What specialization do they have?
Simple cuboidal/columnar the surround ventricles/spinal cord
Specialization = cili
Looking at a micrograph, you see a glial cell that is black, has tiny cellular processes, and a small nucleus. What type of cell is this?
Microglial
How do skeletal muscle cell nuclei appear?
Elongated and euchromatic
What surrounds muscle fasicles? What is its function?
Perimysium provide nutrients
What are the more lightly stained parts of the muscles cells?
I bands
What is the black line that lies within I bands?
Z plate
What are the dark staining areas in striated muscles?
A bands
What are the three features of cardiac muscles?
- Oval, central nucleus
- Branching pattern
- Intercalated disc
What are intercalated discs?
Connections between cardiac muscle cells
How much vascularity is there in cardiac muscle?
Tons
How do nuclei appear in smooth muscle cells?
SUPER elongated (fusiform appearance)
Are muscle cells cyptoplasm acidophilic or basophilic?
Acidophilic
Are smooth muscle cells striated?
No
What is the only muscle type that does not have a centrally located nucleus?
Skeletal muscle
What forms the roof of the scal media? The floor?
Roof = vestibular membrane
Floor = Basilar membrane
What is produced from the stria vascularis?
Endolymph
What is the bone that is on the side of the scala media?
Osseous spiral lamina
What is the the lamina that sits above the osseous spiral lamina, and lateral to the scala media?
Spiral lamina
What sits below the osseous spiral lamina?
Nerve fibers of the auditory nerve
What is the tunnel of corti?
The tunnel within the scala media what sits between the inner and outer phalangeal cells
What are the cells lateral and medial to the tunnel of corti?
Inner phalangeal cell (medially)
Outer “ “ (laterally)
What is the cell type that sits above the tunnel of corti?
Inner hair cells
What is the large structure that sits medially to the scala tympani and scala media?
Spiral ganglion
Where is the stria vascularis located?
Lateral wall of the scala media
What sits below the osseous spiral lamina?
Nerve fibers of the auditory nerve
Where will the nuclei of the hair cells reside, relative to their supporting phalangeal cells?
Above them
What are the inner and outer pillar cells?
The cells that sit in the corners of the tunnel of corti
Where is the crista ampularris?
In the semicircular canals
What is immediately deep to the cupula of the crita ampularris?
Hair cells
Where is the macula found?
In the urticle or the saccule
What are unique to the macula?
Otoliths
Relaxing of the ciliary body does what to the lens?
Adds tension
Contraction of the ciliary body does what to the lens?
Relaxes the lens
The apical portion of muller cells produce what?
The outer limiting membrane
The basal lamina of muller cells produce what?
The inner limiting membrane
What is the muscle that is anterior to the pigmented epithelium?
Sphincter pupillae
Where is the epithelial layer of cell in the lens?
On the anterior portion
What type of epithelium is on the anterior portion of the lens?
Columnar if developing
Cuboidal if fully developed
What is the type of epithelium that comprises the endothelium of the cornea?
Simple squamous
What type of muscle does the ciliary body of the eye contain (smooth or skeletal)?
Smooth
