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Eye I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A
  1. Corneoscleral coat
  2. Uvea
  3. Retina
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2
Q

What are the two components of the corenoscleral coat?

A

Cornea and sclera

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3
Q

What are the three components of the uvea?

A
  1. Choroid
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Iris
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4
Q

What are the two components of the retina?

A
  1. Neural

2. retinal pigment epithelium

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the eye?

A

Opthalmic artery

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6
Q

Where is the nonvisual part of the eye located (roughly)?

A

Anterior part of the eye (aura serrata)

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7
Q

What are the two divisions of the anterior segment of the eye?

A

Anterior and posterior chamber

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8
Q

What are the 6 components of the anterior segment of the eye?

A
  1. Aqueous Humor
  2. Iris
  3. Ciliary body and muscle
  4. Lens
  5. Cornea
  6. Anterior sclera
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9
Q

What is the posterior segment of the eye comprised of? What are its contents?

A
  1. Vitreous Chamber

Contents =

i. Vitreous Humor
ii. Visual retina
iii. Retinal Pigment Epithelium
iv. Posterior Sclera
v. Uvea

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10
Q

What is the main refractive unit of the eye? How much of the refractive power does it supply?

A

The cornea–2/3

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11
Q

What portion of the eyeball does the cornea comprise?

A

anterior 1/6

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12
Q

Is there vasculature in the cornea?

A

Negative

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13
Q

What are the 5 layers of the cornea?

A
  1. Corneal epithelium
  2. Bowman’s membrane
  3. Corneal stroma
  4. Descemets membrane
  5. Corneal endothelium
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14
Q

The corneal epithelium is a continuation of what?

A

The conjunctiva

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15
Q

What type of epithelial cell tissue is in the corneal epithelium? What type of attachments are here?

A

Non-keritinized Stratified squamous, attached via desmosomes

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16
Q

What is the mitotic activity of the corneal epithelium (high or low)?

A

High (eyes heal fast)

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17
Q

What are on the apex of the corneal cells? What is this structure’s function?

A

Microvilli, retain tears

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18
Q

Melanin is absent from the sclera. What is used instead for UV protection?

A

Ferritin

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the cornea?

A

CN V1

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20
Q

What is the basement membrane of the cornea called?

A

Bowman’s membrane

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21
Q

What type of cells are in Bowman’s membrane

A

None

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22
Q

Where does Bowman’s membrane end?

A

Corneoscleral limbus

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23
Q

What is the function of Bowman’s membrane?

A

Provide strength to the cornea, as well as a barrier

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24
Q

Damage to Bowman’s membrane can cause what?

A

Permanent scars = vision problems

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25
Q

What is in the corneal stroma?

A

Collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae

Proteoglycans

Collagen V

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26
Q

What percent of the cornea’s thickness is due to the corneal stroma?

A

90%

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27
Q

Disruption of the lammellar arragement of the corneal stroma produces what?

A

An opaque cornea

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28
Q

What is the posterior basement membrane of the cornea?

A

Descemet’s membrane

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29
Q

What is the function of Descemet’s membrane

A

Maintain curvature of cornea,

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30
Q

What type of epithelium comprises Descemet’s membrane?

A

Simple squamous epithelium with zonulae occludents

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31
Q

Does Bowman’s membrane regenerate? Does Descemet’s membrane.

A

Bowman’s no, Descemet’s yes

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32
Q

How does the corneal stroma remain visible?

A

Perpendicular stacking of collagen

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33
Q

Where does the corneal endothelium face?

A

The interior of the eye

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34
Q

What is the epithelium and junction type found in the corneal endothelium?

A

Simple squamous joined with zonula adherens, zonula occludens, and desmosomes

35
Q

Injury to the corneal ENDOthelium results in what?

36
Q

What is the major function of the corneal endothelium?

A

e. Responsible for virtually all of the metabolic exchanges of the cornea

37
Q

What is the “white” part of the eyeball?

38
Q

What portion of the eyeball does the sclera comprise?

39
Q

What is the composition of the sclera?

A

Tough fibrous connective tissue (elastin and collagen)

40
Q

What is the function of the sclera?

A

Protection and maintaining shape of the eye

41
Q

What is Tenon’s capsule?

A

The fascial sheath over the eyeball to which the eye muscles attach

42
Q

What is the episcleral space?

A

Space between Tenon’s capsule and the periorbital fat

43
Q

What are the three layers of the sclera?

A

Episcleral
Tenon’s capsule
Suprachoroid lamina

44
Q

What is the suprachoroid lamina?

A

The attachment of the sclera to the choroid for nutrition

45
Q

What is the cornealscleral limbus?

A

The junction between the cornea and the sclera

46
Q

Where are stem cells found in cornea? What is their purpose there?

A

At the cornealscleral limbus

Purpose is to replace sclera

47
Q

What is the canal of Schlemm?

A

A sinus between Descemet’s membrane and the corneal stroma ONLY at the corneoscleral limbus

48
Q

How does aqueous humor in the anterior chamber get into the venous system?

A

Through the Canal of Schlemm

49
Q

What the angle that is formed between the iris and the cornea?

A

Iridocorneal angle

50
Q

What are the three components of the uvea from anterior to posterior?

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

51
Q

What is the uvea?

A

Inner vascular coat of the eye

52
Q

What is the most anterior part of the uvea?

53
Q

What is/are the part(s) of the iris that determines the pigment of the eye?

A

The anterior and posterior pigment epithelium (more = darker)

54
Q

What are the two muscles of the iris?

A

Dilator pupillae

Sphincter pupillae

55
Q

How are the dilator pupillae arranged?

56
Q

When the dilator pupillae contracts, what happens to the pupil?

57
Q

What is innervation of the dilator pupillae and the sphincter pupillae?

A

Dilator = sympathetics

Sphincter = CN III

58
Q

Where is aqueous humor produced?

A

The ciliary body

59
Q

Where are the ciliary bodies located?

A

Around the iris

60
Q

The ciliary body is anterior to what important structure in the eye?

A

Ora serrata

61
Q

How many layers of epithelium are there in the ciliary body? Are they pigmented?

A

Two, one of which is pigmented

62
Q

What type of epitheilium is present in the ciliary body?

A

Simple columnar x2, separated by a basement membrane

63
Q

What is the function of the non-pigmented (inner layer) epithelium of the ciliary body?

A

Secrete aqueous humor

64
Q

What is the pigment that is present in the outer layer of the ciliary body?

65
Q

What are the fibers that suspend the lens? Where do they attach to (besides the lens)?

A

Zonular fibers, which attach to the ciliary processes of the ciliary muscle

66
Q

What is responsible for the blood-aqueous humor barrier?

A

Tight junctions between the ciliary process

67
Q

Where is the aqueous humor produced? Absorbed?

A

Produced by outer layer of the ciliary body, absorbed by the canal of schlemm.

68
Q

What is the name of the meshwork that is just in front of the canal of Schlemm?

A

Trabecular meshwork

69
Q

What is open angle glaucoma?

A

A gradual loss of vision due to the gradual accumulation of aqueous humor, since it is not able to make it to the canal of Schlemm

70
Q

What is angle closure glaucoma?

A

When the iris collapses against the cornea, causing a closure of the cornealsclereal angle. This impedes drainage of the aqueous humor

71
Q

What are the three types of ciliary muscles?

A
  1. Longitudinal
  2. radial
  3. circular
72
Q

What is the function of the radial ciliary muscles?

A

Flatten the lens, allow fo distal vision

73
Q

What is the function of the circular ciliary muscles?

A

Reduce tension on the lens, allows for near vision

74
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal ciliary muscles?

A

Stretch the choroid

75
Q

What are the two major structures/cells in the choroid?

A

Vasculature and melanocytes

76
Q

Where two structures does the choroid lie between?

A

The sclera and the retina

77
Q

What is the choriocapillary layer of the choroid?

A

Vascular layer that sits deep.

78
Q

What is Bruch;s membrane?

A

A thin membrane in the choroid that sits above the choriocapillary layer. and separates it from the retina

79
Q

What are the 5 layers/ components of Bruch’s membrane?

A
  1. basal lamina
  2. collagen
  3. elastic
  4. collagen
  5. Basal lamina
80
Q

Where is the NON-photosensitive region of the retina located?

A

anterior to the ora serrata and posterior surface of the iris

81
Q

Where is the photosensitive region of the retina located?

A

Posterior to the ora serrata

82
Q

Where is the point of greatest visual acuity in the retina? Why?

A

Fovea–thin in this area

83
Q

What is the macula lutea?

A

The area that surrounds that fovea

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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