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Cell and tissue > Epithelium II > Flashcards

Epithelium II Flashcards

1
Q

Where on the cell are junctional complexes located?

A

Lateral and basal domains

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2
Q

Where is the zonulae occludentes usually located?

A

In a band near the apical aspect (but still on lateral aspect) of cells

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3
Q

What is the other name for zonulae occludentes?

A

Tight junction

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4
Q

Where is the zonulae adherentes located?

A

Just below the zonulae occludentes on the lateral wall

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5
Q

What is different about the distribution of the zonulae occludentes and the zonulae adhereentes compared to the other type of cellular junctions?

A

Go all the way around the cell

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6
Q

What are the three key features of all junctional complexes?

A
  1. Cytoskeletal element
  2. Intracellular anchor proteins
  3. CAMs
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7
Q

What are the intracellular anchoring proteins that are found in the zonula occludens?

A

ZO (1,2,3)

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8
Q

What are the cytoskeleton elements that are found in the zonula occludens?

A

Actin

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9
Q

What are the cell adhesion molecules that are found in the zonula occludens?

A

Claudin and occludin

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10
Q

How does H. Pylori relate to junctions?

A

Disrupts tight junctions in the stomach, irritating it

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11
Q

Loss of claudin 5 is the cause of what disease?

A

Brain CAs

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12
Q

Loss of claudin 9 is the cause of what disease?

A

Hearing loss

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13
Q

Loss of the gene that encodes a specific claudin in renal epithelium results in what?

A

Loss of Mg—>muscle problems

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14
Q

How can cholera disrupt junctional complexes?

A

damage ZO proteins in the intestines, leading to fluid loss

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15
Q

What determine the amount of flow between epithelial cells?

A

amount of tight junctions (zona occludens)

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16
Q

How do tight junctional complexes help to establish polarity in the cell?

A

Do not allow certain proteins (such as GLUT4 vs Na/K pumps) to cross them.

17
Q

What are the:

  1. cytoskeletal elements
  2. Intracellular anchoring protein
  3. cell adhesion molecule

for the zonula adherens?

A
  1. Cytoskeletal = actin
  2. IC anchor = catenin
  3. cadherin
18
Q

What are the:

  1. cytoskeletal elements
  2. Intracellular anchoring protein
  3. cell adhesion molecule

for the Macula adherens (desmosomes)?

A
  1. cytokeratin
  2. intracellular attachment plaque
  3. desmocollin and desmoglein
19
Q

What color do the macula adherens stain with E&M?

A

Red

20
Q

What is pemphigus?

A

Disorder where autoantibodies attack desmogleins (element of macula adherens), leading to skin blistering

21
Q

What are the:

  1. cytoskeletal elements
  2. Intracellular anchoring protein
  3. cell adhesion molecule

for focal adhesions?

A
  1. Actin
  2. vinculin, paxillin, talin
  3. integrin
22
Q

What are the:

  1. cytoskeletal elements
  2. Intracellular anchoring protein
  3. cell adhesion molecule

for hemidesmosomes?

A
  1. intermediate filament
  2. plectin
  3. integrin
23
Q

What is the function of focal adhesions?

A

Anchors cell to ECM

24
Q

What is the function of hemidesmosomes?

A

Anchors basal plasma membrane of the cell to the underlying basal lamina

25
Q

What collagen connets hemidesmosomes to the basal lamina?

A

Collagen 17

26
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

When auto antibodies attach collagen 17, leading to the destruction of the connection between the basal lamina and hemidesmosomes in the epidermis

27
Q

Based on the general blueprint for junctional complexes, what component does integrin represent?

A

CAM

28
Q

What is another name for nexuses?

A

Gap junction

29
Q

What is the function of gap junctions (nexuses)?

A

allows communication between adjacent cells (such as cardiac cells and electrical conductance)

30
Q

What are the proteins that make up gap junctions?

A

6 connexins made a connexon

31
Q

Disruptions in connexons lead to what 5 diseases?

A
  1. Female infertility
  2. neuropathy
  3. deafness
  4. congenital cataracts
  5. cardiac arrhythmias
32
Q

Stipling of bacterial cells on epithelial cells from the vagina are called what?

A

Clue cells.

Indicates Bacterial vaginosis

33
Q

What are the three pathways that a cell can undergo if it has DNA damage?

A
  1. Repair fully/undergo apoptosis if not
  2. Inhibit mitosis
  3. Become malignant
34
Q

What are the four different types of mutations that lead to a loosening of the connections between epithelial cells that can lead to metastatic CA?

A
  1. Cadherins are mutated and loosen
  2. Cadherins are not produced
  3. Loss of catenin
  4. Alteration in the integrins
35
Q

How do metastases recognize where to extravasate?

A

Adhesion molecules are specific to the type of cell they will invade

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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