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Nerve tissue I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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2
Q

What are the three types of cell bodies for neuron?

A

Angular - multipolar
Ovoid - bipolar
Pseudo-unipolar -spherical

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3
Q

Are the nuclei of neurons heterochromatic or euchromatic?

A

Euchromatic

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4
Q

What is the most common type of neuron?

A

Multipolar

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5
Q

What are nissl bodies?

A

Stacks of rER in neurons

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6
Q

What forms the bone/skelton of the neuron?

A

Microtubules

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7
Q

What forms the “muscles” of the neuron?

A

Neurofilaments

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8
Q

What is the funnel shaped opening to the axon called?

A

Axon hillock

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9
Q

What are the large “splotches” of stain found in multipolar neurons?

A

Nissl bodies

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10
Q

Why does the neuron’s axon appear pale?

A

No ER there-no need for protein synthesis here

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11
Q

Where does lipofuscin accumulate in neuron?

A

In the cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is the substantia nigra a result of? Where does it accumulate?

A

Dopamine synthesis

Accumulates in the nuclei of neurons of the spinal cord

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13
Q

What are terminal boutons?

A

Swellings of the presynaptic axon terminals

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14
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelinate axons

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15
Q

What are the two types of axoplasmic transport? What protein does each type of transport use?

A

Anterograde - Kinesin

Retrograde - Dynein

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16
Q

Is kinesin transport fast or slow?

A

Slow

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17
Q

Is dyneintransport fast or slow?

A

Fast

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18
Q

Can neurons form tumors? Why or why not?

A

No because they cannot divide

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19
Q

True or false: lipid droplets can be found in neurons?

A

True

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20
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

dissolution of Nissl substance following injury

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21
Q

What type of organelles may be found in dendrites?

A

Mitochondria, free ribosomes and RER may be found

in dendrites

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22
Q

True or false” dendrites can be myelinated in certain neuron types

A

False–NEVER myelinated

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23
Q

What organelles do axons contain?

A

Contains mitochondria, microtubules, neurofilaments, vesicles, and SER

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24
Q

What is the cell membrane of an axon called?

A

Axolemma

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25
What is the axoplasm?
Cytoplasm of axons
26
What are collateral branches?
axon branches near the hillock
27
What is the type of movement in axons that go away from the cell body? Towards?
``` Away = anterograde Toward = retrograde ```
28
What is needed for fast transport in axons?
ATP
29
How do viruses that enter nerve endings travel to the CNS?
Via retrograde transport
30
What are the types of neurons that are assocaited with the special senses (smell, vision, hearing etc)
Bipolar
31
Where are multiploar neurons located?
Everywhere else
32
What type of axon appears like a "T"?
Pseudo-unipolar neuron
33
Where are unipolar neurons found?
In sensory ganglia and dorsal root ganglia
34
True or false: the signals received from the dendrites of pseudo-unipolar neurons can bypass the cell body
True
35
What are the cells that provide support to neurons called?
Glial cells
36
How may neuroglial cells are there per neuron?
3-4
37
True or false;the CNS contains connective tissue?
False (except for blood vessels)
38
What are astrocytes?
Stellate glial cells that attach to blood vessel lamina via pedicles
39
What type of glial cell may play a role in the formation of the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
40
Where are protoplasmic astrocytes found?
gray matter/CNS. cover synapses, neurons, and blood vessels
41
Where are fibrous astrocytes found?
in white matter, associated with blood vessels and pia mater
42
What are microglia?
Small glial cells with elongated nuclei that are dervied from monocytes. They are phagocytes
43
What shape of nuceli do glial cells have?
round (except microglia, which have elongated)
44
What is the function of oliodendrocytes?
Form myelin
45
What percent of primary bran tumors are made from fibrous astrocytes?
80%
46
What are ependymal cells?
Cuboidal cells that ling the brain and spinal cord cavities that contain CSF
47
Tumor cells that are from the nervous system arise from what type of cells?
Glial
48
What are the four types of glial cells?
1. AStrocytes 2. oligodendrocytes 3. microglia 4. Ependymal cells
49
In the PNS, how do the axons relate to the Schwann cells?
Many axons inside a single schwann cells
50
Where do CNS neurons get their myelination from?
oligodendrocyte
51
Where do PNS neurons get their myelination from?
Schwann cells
52
What is myelin made of?
lipoproteins
53
What are mesaxons?
Fused cell membranes
54
What are the nodes of Ranvier?
Uninsulated segments of axons
55
How do schwann cells differ (in the PNS) in myelinated vs unmyelinated axons?
Unmyelinated cells have multiple axons per Schwann cell. Myelinated cells have one axon per Schwann
56
What are the two functions of myelin?
Increase impulse conduction Insulates neurons
57
What are internodes?
The units of myelinated axons between nodes of ranvier
58
Schwann cells are derived from what cells?
Neural crest cells
59
What are Shmidt-Lanterman clefts?
Small areas of cytoplasm between myelin sheaths that gets caught in the formation of the sheath
60
What are the three layers of connective tissue around neurons? Where are these found?
Endoneurium Perineurum Epineurium these are only found in the PNS
61
What is the delicate layer of loose CT that covers individual axons? What type of fibers compose this?
Endoneurium collagen fibrils
62
What is the layer of CT that surrounds a nerve bundle?
Perineurium
63
What is the layer of CT that surrounds multiple fascicles of nerves? What type of fibers are present in this?
Epineurium--has dense, irregular elastic fibers
64
Where in nerves are blood vessels?
In the epineurium
65
What three things cover a nerve in the PNS (prior to the perineurium)?
1. Myelin sheath 2. Basal lamina 3. Endoneurium
66
What is the most common cause of optic neuritis?
MS
67
What is multiple slcerosis?
Autoimmune disease where antibodies attack oligodendrocytes, and causes demyelination

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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