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Cell and tissue > Nerve tissue I > Flashcards

Nerve tissue I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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2
Q

What are the three types of cell bodies for neuron?

A

Angular - multipolar
Ovoid - bipolar
Pseudo-unipolar -spherical

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3
Q

Are the nuclei of neurons heterochromatic or euchromatic?

A

Euchromatic

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4
Q

What is the most common type of neuron?

A

Multipolar

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5
Q

What are nissl bodies?

A

Stacks of rER in neurons

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6
Q

What forms the bone/skelton of the neuron?

A

Microtubules

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7
Q

What forms the “muscles” of the neuron?

A

Neurofilaments

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8
Q

What is the funnel shaped opening to the axon called?

A

Axon hillock

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9
Q

What are the large “splotches” of stain found in multipolar neurons?

A

Nissl bodies

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10
Q

Why does the neuron’s axon appear pale?

A

No ER there-no need for protein synthesis here

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11
Q

Where does lipofuscin accumulate in neuron?

A

In the cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is the substantia nigra a result of? Where does it accumulate?

A

Dopamine synthesis

Accumulates in the nuclei of neurons of the spinal cord

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13
Q

What are terminal boutons?

A

Swellings of the presynaptic axon terminals

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14
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelinate axons

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15
Q

What are the two types of axoplasmic transport? What protein does each type of transport use?

A

Anterograde - Kinesin

Retrograde - Dynein

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16
Q

Is kinesin transport fast or slow?

A

Slow

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17
Q

Is dyneintransport fast or slow?

A

Fast

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18
Q

Can neurons form tumors? Why or why not?

A

No because they cannot divide

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19
Q

True or false: lipid droplets can be found in neurons?

A

True

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20
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

dissolution of Nissl substance following injury

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21
Q

What type of organelles may be found in dendrites?

A

Mitochondria, free ribosomes and RER may be found

in dendrites

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22
Q

True or false” dendrites can be myelinated in certain neuron types

A

False–NEVER myelinated

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23
Q

What organelles do axons contain?

A

Contains mitochondria, microtubules, neurofilaments, vesicles, and SER

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24
Q

What is the cell membrane of an axon called?

A

Axolemma

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25
Q

What is the axoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm of axons

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26
Q

What are collateral branches?

A

axon branches near the hillock

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27
Q

What is the type of movement in axons that go away from the cell body? Towards?

A 
Away = anterograde
Toward = retrograde
28
Q

What is needed for fast transport in axons?

A

ATP

29
Q

How do viruses that enter nerve endings travel to the CNS?

A

Via retrograde transport

30
Q

What are the types of neurons that are assocaited with the special senses (smell, vision, hearing etc)

A

Bipolar

31
Q

Where are multiploar neurons located?

A

Everywhere else

32
Q

What type of axon appears like a “T”?

A

Pseudo-unipolar neuron

33
Q

Where are unipolar neurons found?

A

In sensory ganglia and dorsal root ganglia

34
Q

True or false: the signals received from the dendrites of pseudo-unipolar neurons can bypass the cell body

A

True

35
Q

What are the cells that provide support to neurons called?

A

Glial cells

36
Q

How may neuroglial cells are there per neuron?

A

3-4

37
Q

True or false;the CNS contains connective tissue?

A

False (except for blood vessels)

38
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Stellate glial cells that attach to blood vessel lamina via pedicles

39
Q

What type of glial cell may play a role in the formation of the blood-brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes

40
Q

Where are protoplasmic astrocytes found?

A

gray matter/CNS. cover synapses, neurons, and blood vessels

41
Q

Where are fibrous astrocytes found?

A

in white matter, associated with blood vessels and pia mater

42
Q

What are microglia?

A

Small glial cells with elongated nuclei that are dervied from monocytes. They are phagocytes

43
Q

What shape of nuceli do glial cells have?

A

round (except microglia, which have elongated)

44
Q

What is the function of oliodendrocytes?

A

Form myelin

45
Q

What percent of primary bran tumors are made from fibrous astrocytes?

A

80%

46
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Cuboidal cells that ling the brain and spinal cord cavities that contain CSF

47
Q

Tumor cells that are from the nervous system arise from what type of cells?

A

Glial

48
Q

What are the four types of glial cells?

A
  1. AStrocytes
  2. oligodendrocytes
  3. microglia
  4. Ependymal cells
49
Q

In the PNS, how do the axons relate to the Schwann cells?

A

Many axons inside a single schwann cells

50
Q

Where do CNS neurons get their myelination from?

A

oligodendrocyte

51
Q

Where do PNS neurons get their myelination from?

A

Schwann cells

52
Q

What is myelin made of?

A

lipoproteins

53
Q

What are mesaxons?

A

Fused cell membranes

54
Q

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

A

Uninsulated segments of axons

55
Q

How do schwann cells differ (in the PNS) in myelinated vs unmyelinated axons?

A

Unmyelinated cells have multiple axons per Schwann cell.

Myelinated cells have one axon per Schwann

56
Q

What are the two functions of myelin?

A

Increase impulse conduction

Insulates neurons

57
Q

What are internodes?

A

The units of myelinated axons between nodes of ranvier

58
Q

Schwann cells are derived from what cells?

A

Neural crest cells

59
Q

What are Shmidt-Lanterman clefts?

A

Small areas of cytoplasm between myelin sheaths that gets caught in the formation of the sheath

60
Q

What are the three layers of connective tissue around neurons? Where are these found?

A

Endoneurium
Perineurum
Epineurium

these are only found in the PNS

61
Q

What is the delicate layer of loose CT that covers individual axons? What type of fibers compose this?

A

Endoneurium

collagen fibrils

62
Q

What is the layer of CT that surrounds a nerve bundle?

A

Perineurium

63
Q

What is the layer of CT that surrounds multiple fascicles of nerves? What type of fibers are present in this?

A

Epineurium–has dense, irregular elastic fibers

64
Q

Where in nerves are blood vessels?

A

In the epineurium

65
Q

What three things cover a nerve in the PNS (prior to the perineurium)?

A
  1. Myelin sheath
  2. Basal lamina
  3. Endoneurium
66
Q

What is the most common cause of optic neuritis?

A

MS

67
Q

What is multiple slcerosis?

A

Autoimmune disease where antibodies attack oligodendrocytes, and causes demyelination

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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