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Cell and tissue > Male Genitalia > Flashcards

Male Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the connective tissue capsule that surrounds and encloses the testies?

A

Tunia albuginea

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2
Q

What type of CT comprises the tunica albuginea?

A

Dense irregular collagenous

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3
Q

What is the thickened portion of the tunia albuginea, where the epididymis attaches, and blood/nerve/lymph enters?

A

Mediastimum testis

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4
Q

What gives rise to the connective tissue septa in the testes?

A

Mediastinum testis

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5
Q

What are the lobuli testis?

A

the subunits of the testes

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6
Q

What are the endocrine cells in the testes that produce testosterone?

A

Cells of Leydig

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7
Q

What is the loose CT layer deep to the tunica albuginea?

A

Tunica vasculosa

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8
Q

How many days does it take for spermatogonia to differentiate into spermatozoa?

A

74 days

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9
Q

Each lobuli testis contains how many seminiferous tubules?

A

1-4

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10
Q

What are the three components of the lobuli testis?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. cells of Leydig
  3. loose CT stroma
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11
Q

What infiltrates the testes and forms the structural component around the seminiferous tubules?

A

vascular LCT from the tunica vasculosa

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12
Q

What is the major artery and veins in the testes?

A
  1. Testicular artery

2. Pampiniform plexus of veins

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13
Q

What are the three layers of the seminiferous tubules?

A
  1. Tunia (lamina propria)
  2. BL
  3. Seminiferous epithelium
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14
Q

What are the two components of the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules?

A
  1. Type I collagen

2. Myoid cells

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15
Q

What is the function of the myoid cells in the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Rhytmic contraction to move sperm

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16
Q

What is the layer in the seminiferous tubules that is just deep to the basal lamina?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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17
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the seminiferous epithelium?

A

Stratified, made up of spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

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18
Q

What are sertoli cells?

A

Support cells for the spermatogenic cells

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19
Q

What happens to the spermatogenic cells as they move from the periphery toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubules?

A

differentiate to speramatozoa

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20
Q

What are the accessory glands, and what do they produce?

A

The seminal vesicles,

prostate, and bulbourethral glands that release semen

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21
Q

Do sertoil cells replicate?

A

No

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22
Q

What is the shape of sertoli cells?

A

columnar

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23
Q

What is the specialization that Sertoli cells have on their apical membrane?

A

Folds

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24
Q

What type of junction exists between Sertoli adjacent cells?

A

Tight

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25
Q

What are the two compartments that are formed by the tight junctions of the Sertoli cells?

A

Basal epithelium compartment

Luminal compartment

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26
Q

What does the occludens (tight) junctions between the Sertoli cells form?

A

Blool-testies-barrier

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27
Q

What is the earliest stage of sperm?

A

Spermatogonia

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28
Q

What is the shape of the nucleus in Sertoli cells?

A

Ovoid to triangular

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29
Q

What does the luminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules contain?

A

Sperm in various LATER stages of development

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30
Q

What does the basal epithelium compartment of the seminiferous tubules contain?

A

Spermatogonia

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31
Q

What is the order of maturation of spermatogenic cells? (4)

A

a. Spermatids (most mature)
b. Secondary Spermatocytes
c. Primary Spermatocytes
d. Spermatogonia (most immature)

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32
Q

What embryological structure do spermatogenic cells come from?

A

The yolk sac

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33
Q

What happens to the cytoplasmic remnants left behind by spermatids?

A

Phagocytosed by Sertoli cells

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34
Q

What is the hormone that begins spermatogenesis?

A

Gonadotropin (FSH and LH)

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35
Q

What are the three phases of spermatogenesis in order?

A
  1. Spermatogonial phase
  2. Meiosis
  3. Spermiogenesis
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36
Q

Where does the spermatogonial phase of spermatogenesis begin?

A

In the basal compartment

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37
Q

What are the N and D number associated with spermatogonia?

A

2n-2d

38
Q

When in spermatogenesis does meiosis start?

A

In the luminal compartment

39
Q

True or false: spermatogonia undero meiosis to generate primary spermatocyes in thebasal compartment?

A

False–Mitosis here. O/w there would be immune system attack

40
Q

What are the N and D numbers associated with primary spermatocytes? Secondary?

A 
Primary = 2n-2d
Secondary = 1n-2d
41
Q

Between what two phases of sperm development does meiosis begin?

A

Primary and secondary spermatocytes

42
Q

What is the spermatocyte phase of spermatogenesis?

A

Meiotic phase

43
Q

What are the larget cells of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Primary spermatocytes

44
Q

Is there DNA replication prior to meiosis II?

A

Nope

45
Q

What is the spermatid phase of spermatogenesis?

A

the process by which spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperm)

46
Q

What are the N and D numbers assocaited with spermatids?

A

1n-1d

47
Q

In what time in sperm development does duplication of DNA take place?

A

Primary spermatocytes

48
Q

What is the process that occurs in spermatogonial phase?

A

Spermatogonia to primary spermsatocytes

49
Q

What is the process that occurs in the meiosis stage of spermatogenesis?

A

Primary spermatocytes to secondary, to spermatids

50
Q

What is the process that occurs in the spermiogenesis stages of spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatids to spermatozoa

51
Q

Where are the interstitial cells of Leydig found?

A

embedded in the loose connective tissue (LCT) derived from the tunica vasculosa, and are wedged between the seminiferous tubules

52
Q

What is the function of the cells of Leydig?

A

Secrete testosterone

53
Q

True or false: testosterone made by the cells of Leydig is secreted via vesicles into the ECM

A

False-direct secretion, no vesicles

54
Q

What is the protein that is released by Sertoli cells and binds testosterone to maintain it for sperm development??

A

Androgen-binding protein (ADP)

55
Q

What is the pathway of spermatozoa through the genital system?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. Tubuli recti
  3. Rete testis
  4. Efferent ductules
  5. Ducts of epididymis
  6. Vas deferens
  7. Ejaculatory duct
  8. Urethra
56
Q

What are the two intratesticular ducts?

A

Tubli recti

Rete Testis

57
Q

What lines the tubili Recti?

A

Sertoli cells, distally by simple cuboidal

58
Q

What lines the Rete Testis?

A

Simple cuboidal

59
Q

What are the four extratesticular genital ducts?

A

Efferent ductules
Duct of epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct

60
Q

Where in the duct system do sperm acquire motility?

A

In the epididymis

61
Q

What type of epithelium lines the efferent ductules? How does this appear?

A

Lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium (“sawtooth” appearance)

62
Q

What is the function of the cilia on the pseudostratified columnar cells of the efferent ductules? What if they are not ciliated?

A

Sweep sperm up or take up fluid secreted by Sertoli cells

63
Q

What surrounds the efferent ductules? (3)

A

BL, loose CT, and smooth muscle cells

64
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle cells that surround the efferent ductules?

A

Peristalsis of sperm

65
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Stores mature sperm

66
Q

What type of epithelium lines the ducts of the epididymis? What are the two cell types found here?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

Basal/stem cells
Principle cells

67
Q

What specialization do the principle cells of the duct of the epididymis have, and what is their function?

A

Have pinocytotic vesicles and stereocilia
(non-motile microvilli) on their luminal surface
Resorb luminal fluid, clean up cytoplasmic fragments

68
Q

What is the function of glycerophosphocholine released by the cells that line the epididymis?

A

Inhibits sperm capacitation

69
Q

What are the three things that surround the ducts of the epididymis?

A

BL
Loose CT
Smooth muscle

70
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the vas deferens? Specialization?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

71
Q

What are the components of the vas deferens?

A

Epithelium
BL
Loose CT
Three muscle layers

72
Q

What is the ampulla of the vas deferens?

A

Is the dilated end of the ductus deferens that joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

73
Q

What type of epithelium lines the ejaculatory duct?

A

Simple columnar

74
Q

Is there smooth muscle in the ejaculatory duct?

A

No

75
Q

What are the orientations of the three layers of smooth muscle in the vas deferens?

A

inner layer - longitudinal

middle layer - circular

outer layer - longitudinal

76
Q

What are the three accessory glands of the male reproductive tract?

A
  1. Seminal vesicles
  2. Prostate
  3. Bulbourethral glands
77
Q

What is the type of epithelium that lines the seminal vesicles? What two cell types are here?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

i. Short round basal cells (stem cells)
ii. Tall nonciliated columnar cells

78
Q

What are the components of the seminal vesicles?

A

Epithelium
CT
Smooth muscle coat

79
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

A

Secrete fructose-rich fluid for sperm

80
Q

What type of tissue forms the capsule for the prostate gland?

A

Dense, irregular CT with smooth muscles

81
Q

What does the semial vesicle look like histologically?

A

Sponge surrounded by smooth muscle

82
Q

What is the central lumen in the prostate?

A

Urethra

83
Q

Where does the septa of the prostate come from that form the stroma?

A

The outer capsule

84
Q

What are the three zones of the prostate?

A

Mucosal layer
submucosal layer
Peripheral layer

85
Q

What layer of the prostate has the main prostatic glands (they all have glands)?

A

Peripheral layer

86
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate?

A

Simple pseudo to columnar

87
Q

Where do most CA of the prostate occur?

A

In the peripheral layer

88
Q

What type of CT makes up the prostate?

A

Dense, irr

89
Q

What are the calcified glycoproteins found in the lumen of prostate glands?

A

Prostatic concretions

90
Q

What is the chemical pathway that leads to BPH?

A

Testosterone to stromal cells to DHT secretion

91
Q

What are the three erectile tissues of the penis?

A

2 corpora cavernosa - dorsally

1 corpus spongiosum - ventrally

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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