Nerve tissue II

Question 1

What are the three divisions of gray matter in the brain?

Answer 1

1. cerebral cortex
2. cerebellar cortex
3. nuclei

Question 2

What is the cerebral cortex? Cerebellar?

Answer 2

multiple layers of nerve cell
bodies that form a folded sheet on brain surface

Cerebellar is the same, just on the cerebellum

Question 3

What is the nuclei of the brain?

Answer 3

collections of nerve cell bodies and neuroglia embedded deep within the brain

Question 4

What is the white matter of the brain?

Answer 4

myelinated nerve cell axons with some unmyelinated axons and neuroglia

Question 5

Where does the myelin in the CNS come from (which type of cell)?

Answer 5

Oligodendrocytes

Question 6

Why is white matter white?

Answer 6

Myelin content of axons

Question 7

Where are cell bodies located in the CNS?

Answer 7

In the gray matter

Question 8

Where are axons located in the CNS?

Answer 8

In the white matter

Question 9

Where are neuroglia located in the CNS?

Answer 9

In both white and gray matter, but mostly gray

Question 10

What are cell bodies called inside the CNS? In the PNS?

Answer 10

CNS = nucleus
PNS = ganglia

Question 11

Where are cell bodies located in the PNS?

Answer 11

ganglia

Question 12

Where are axons located in the PNS?

Answer 12

in the nerves

Question 13

What are the six different types of axon bundles found in the CNS? What type of matter are these found in?

Answer 13

1. Tracts
2. Fasciculi
3. Lemnisci
4. Commissures
5. Brachii
6. Peduncles

All are white matter (axons)

Question 14

What are the three major components of the PNS?

Answer 14

Nerves (CN and spinal)
Plexuses
Ganglia

Question 15

What are the five plexuses?

Answer 15

1. Cervical
2. Brachial
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Periarterial

Question 16

Is the dorsal root ganglia motor or sensory?

Answer 16

Sensory

Question 17

What are the two functional subdivisions o the nervous system?

Answer 17

Voluntary and involuntary

Question 18

Which subdivision of the NS is the ANS apart of?

Answer 18

the involuntary

Question 19

What is the enteric division of the ANS?

Answer 19

Controls peristalsis, gland secretions, blood flow through GI

Question 20

What is the thoracolumbar outflow?

Answer 20

Sympathetic ANS

Question 21

What is the craniosacral outflow?

Answer 21

parasymp ANS

Question 22

Which part of the ANS is responsible for homeostasis?

Answer 22

Parasymp

Question 23

What are the spinal nerves that are in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 23

S2-4 keeps the penis off the floor

Question 24

True or false: the enteric division functions independent of the CNS

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are the three classifications of synapses?

Answer 25

1. Axodendritic 2. Axosomatic 3. Axoaxonic

Question 26

What is an axoaxonic synapse?

Answer 26

Synapse between one axon and another AXON

Question 27

What are the two ways that synapses can transmit a signal?

Answer 27

Electrical or chemical

Question 28

Where are electrical synapses found in the human body?

Answer 28

human brain stem, retina and cerebral cortex

Question 29

How are electrical synapses connected?

Answer 29

Via gap junctions

Question 30

Which is more rapid, electrical or chemical synapses?

Answer 30

Electrical

Question 31

What is the presynaptic density?

Answer 31

consists of cone-shaped | structures that represent the active site of the synapse

Question 32

What is the post synaptic density?

Answer 32

complex of proteins, binding neurotransmitter receptors

Question 33

What type of channels are at the post synaptic membrane?

Answer 33

Ligand-gated Na channels

Question 34

What are the two models of synaptic transmission/

Answer 34

Kiss and run (porocytosis) Collapse fusion (exocytosis)

Question 35

What are the histological characteristics of a presynapse?

Answer 35

Has tons of vesicles

Question 36

What are the cells that line the choroid plexus?

Answer 36

Ependymal cells

Question 37

Where is the choroid plexus located?

Answer 37

In the ventricles of the brain

Question 38

What type of junction is between the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus?

Answer 38

Zonulae occludentes

Question 39

Does the brain have lymphatic vessels?

Answer 39

No

Question 40

What are arachnoid villi?

Answer 40

The villi that compose an arachnoid granulation

Question 41

Where does nerve injury and regeneration occur?

Answer 41

In the PNS

Question 42

What is Wallerian degeneration?

Answer 42

Anterograde degeneration of damaged axons

Question 43

What are the aterograde steps of axon regeneration?

Answer 43

1. Distal segment of axon degenerates 2. The segment is eliminated by phagocytic cells from Schwann cells 3. Schwann cells proliferate with basal lamina

Question 44

What are the retrograde changes that occur during axon regeneration?

Answer 44

1. Cell body swells and nissl bodies+nucleus move to periphery 2. free ribos 3. axon sprouts and reconnects with target

Question 45

A summation of arachnoid vili form what structure?

Answer 45

Arachnoid granulations

Question 46

What are the four things needed for regeneration of an axon?

Answer 46

macrophages, fibroblasts, basal lamina, and Schwann cells