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Cell and tissue > Nerve tissue II > Flashcards

Nerve tissue II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three divisions of gray matter in the brain?

A
  1. cerebral cortex
  2. cerebellar cortex
  3. nuclei
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2
Q

What is the cerebral cortex? Cerebellar?

A

multiple layers of nerve cell
bodies that form a folded sheet on brain surface

Cerebellar is the same, just on the cerebellum

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3
Q

What is the nuclei of the brain?

A

collections of nerve cell bodies and neuroglia embedded deep within the brain

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4
Q

What is the white matter of the brain?

A

myelinated nerve cell axons with some unmyelinated axons and neuroglia

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5
Q

Where does the myelin in the CNS come from (which type of cell)?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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6
Q

Why is white matter white?

A

Myelin content of axons

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7
Q

Where are cell bodies located in the CNS?

A

In the gray matter

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8
Q

Where are axons located in the CNS?

A

In the white matter

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9
Q

Where are neuroglia located in the CNS?

A

In both white and gray matter, but mostly gray

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10
Q

What are cell bodies called inside the CNS? In the PNS?

A 
CNS = nucleus
PNS = ganglia
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11
Q

Where are cell bodies located in the PNS?

A

ganglia

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12
Q

Where are axons located in the PNS?

A

in the nerves

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13
Q

What are the six different types of axon bundles found in the CNS? What type of matter are these found in?

A
  1. Tracts
  2. Fasciculi
  3. Lemnisci
  4. Commissures
  5. Brachii
  6. Peduncles

All are white matter (axons)

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14
Q

What are the three major components of the PNS?

A

Nerves (CN and spinal)
Plexuses
Ganglia

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15
Q

What are the five plexuses?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Brachial
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
  5. Periarterial
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16
Q

Is the dorsal root ganglia motor or sensory?

A

Sensory

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17
Q

What are the two functional subdivisions o the nervous system?

A

Voluntary and involuntary

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18
Q

Which subdivision of the NS is the ANS apart of?

A

the involuntary

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19
Q

What is the enteric division of the ANS?

A

Controls peristalsis, gland secretions, blood flow through GI

20
Q

What is the thoracolumbar outflow?

A

Sympathetic ANS

21
Q

What is the craniosacral outflow?

A

parasymp ANS

22
Q

Which part of the ANS is responsible for homeostasis?

A

Parasymp

23
Q

What are the spinal nerves that are in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

S2-4 keeps the penis off the floor

24
Q

True or false: the enteric division functions independent of the CNS

A

True

25
Q

What are the three classifications of synapses?

A
  1. Axodendritic
  2. Axosomatic
  3. Axoaxonic
26
Q

What is an axoaxonic synapse?

A

Synapse between one axon and another AXON

27
Q

What are the two ways that synapses can transmit a signal?

A

Electrical or chemical

28
Q

Where are electrical synapses found in the human body?

A

human brain stem, retina and cerebral cortex

29
Q

How are electrical synapses connected?

A

Via gap junctions

30
Q

Which is more rapid, electrical or chemical synapses?

A

Electrical

31
Q

What is the presynaptic density?

A

consists of cone-shaped

structures that represent the active site of the synapse

32
Q

What is the post synaptic density?

A

complex of proteins, binding neurotransmitter receptors

33
Q

What type of channels are at the post synaptic membrane?

A

Ligand-gated Na channels

34
Q

What are the two models of synaptic transmission/

A

Kiss and run (porocytosis)

Collapse fusion (exocytosis)

35
Q

What are the histological characteristics of a presynapse?

A

Has tons of vesicles

36
Q

What are the cells that line the choroid plexus?

A

Ependymal cells

37
Q

Where is the choroid plexus located?

A

In the ventricles of the brain

38
Q

What type of junction is between the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus?

A

Zonulae occludentes

39
Q

Does the brain have lymphatic vessels?

A

No

40
Q

What are arachnoid villi?

A

The villi that compose an arachnoid granulation

41
Q

Where does nerve injury and regeneration occur?

A

In the PNS

42
Q

What is Wallerian degeneration?

A

Anterograde degeneration of damaged axons

43
Q

What are the aterograde steps of axon regeneration?

A
  1. Distal segment of axon degenerates
  2. The segment is eliminated by phagocytic cells from Schwann cells
  3. Schwann cells proliferate with basal lamina
44
Q

What are the retrograde changes that occur during axon regeneration?

A
  1. Cell body swells and nissl bodies+nucleus move to periphery
  2. free ribos
  3. axon sprouts and reconnects with target
45
Q

A summation of arachnoid vili form what structure?

A

Arachnoid granulations

46
Q

What are the four things needed for regeneration of an axon?

A

macrophages, fibroblasts, basal lamina, and Schwann cells

Cell and tissue (45 decks)

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