Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Variation chromosome structure & number 3 > Flashcards

Variation chromosome structure & number 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic variation

A

Genetic differences among members of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are chromosomes classified?

A
  1. Location of centromere
  2. Size
  3. Banding pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the classification of centromeres?

A
  1. Metacentric
  2. Submetacentric
  3. Acrocentric
  4. Telocentric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metacentric

A

The centromere is near the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Submetacentric

A

The centromere is slightly off the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acrocentric

A

The centromere is significantly off the center but not at the end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Telocentric

A

The centromere is at one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Since chromsomes aren’t directly connected in the middle they have a ________ & _________

A

Long arm & Short arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In a _________ chromsomes are numbered based on size where larger chromosomes have lower number such as (1,2,3) & smaller chromsomes have higher number like (21, 23)

A

Karyotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the different type of chromsome mutations?

A
  1. Deletions
  2. Duplication
  3. Inversions
  4. Translocation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Deletion

A

A segment of genetic material is missing (Deficiency- describes the region missing in a chromsome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Duplication

A

A section of a chromsome is repeated more than once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inversion

A

Involves a change in the direction of the genetic material along a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Translocation

A

Occurs when one segment of a chromosome become attatched to a different chromosome or to different part of the same chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Simple translocation

A

Occur when a single piece of chromsome is attatched to another chromsome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reciporcal translocation

A

Two different chromsome exchange peices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

___________ & ____________ changes the total amount of genetic material in a chromsome

A

Deletion & Duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

__________ & ____________ are chromsomes rearrangments

A

Inversion & Translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A chromosome _______ occurs when a chromosome break in one or more places & a fragment of the chromosome is lost

A

Deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____________ usually have a negative effect on a phenotype speically when there is a large amount

A

Deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

____________ can occur because of crossing over

A

Duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Repetitive sequence

A

Sequence on a chromosome that occur multiple times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nonallelic homologous recombination

A

Crossing over between repetitive sequences from two different genes which results in one chromosome being duplicated & the other has deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

____________ results in extra genetic material

A

Gene duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Duplication only affect the phenotype if a ________ amount is duplicated
Large
26
Copy number variation (CNV)
Structural variation in which a segment of DNA has a copy number different among members of the same species (May b caused by duplication)
27
Segmental Duplication
Results in a homlog with two copies of a the same gene
28
A chromosome with an _________ contains a segment that has been flipped so that it runs in the opposite direction
Inversion
29
What are the different classification of inversion base on the centromere?
1. Pecentric Inversion 2. Paracentric Inversion
30
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ dont have an negative effect on the phenotype because when a chromosome contains an the total amount of genetic material remains the same
Inversion
31
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ may produce abnormal chromosome due to crossing over
Inversion Heterozygote
32
Inversion Heterozygote
An individual carrying one normal copy of a chromosome & one copy with an inversion
33
An individual carrying __________ amounts of inversion is more likely to produce abnormal gametes
Large
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ involves the change between different chromosome
Translocation
35
In _______________ a piece from one chromosome is attatched to anohter chromosome
Translocation
36
Balanced Translocation
Translocation that doesn't change the amount of genetic material (Doesn't have a negative effect on the phenotype)
37
Individuals with _______________ may produce abnormal gametes due to the pairing & segregation of chromosome
Reciprocal Translocation
38
Individuals who carry _______________ have a greater risk of producing gametes with unbalanced combination of chromosomes
Balanced Translocation
39
Euploid
Have a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of a chromsome set (Ex. 8 chromosome with 2 sets of 4, 8/4 =2 )
40
Aneuploid
Alteration in the number of chromosomes so the total number is not an exact multiple of a set (Ex A fly having 9 chromsomes instead of 8 )
41
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes an imbalance in gene expression that causes it to have a negative effect on the phenotype
Aneuploidy
42
Changes in the number of sets of chromsomes is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Varaition in Euploidy
43
Nondisjunction
Chromosomes dont segregate properly
44
Meiotic nondisjunction
Can produce cells that have too many or too few chromosome
45
Meiotic nodisjucntion can produce ______________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Aneiploidy or Polyploidy
46
Changes in euploidy occur by what?
Auropolploidy, Alloploidy, & Allopolploidy
47
Autopoluploid
Has one or more extra set of chromosomes
48
Alloploidy
Results of interspecies crosses
49
A deletion that occurs in the middle of a chromosome is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Interstitial
50
The globin gene family includes genes for the proteins _________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Hemoglobin Myoglobin
51
What chromosome mutation is the cause of Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome ?
Deletion
52
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ may arise from nonallelic homologous recombination
Deletion & Duplication
53
In a ___________ inversion, the centromere lies outside the inverted region of a chromosome
Paracentric
54
Paracentric Inversion
Inversion that includes the centromere
55
Paracentric inversion
Inversion that doesn't include the centromere
56
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are usually the result of the loss (deletion) of serval genes
Syndromes (Ex. Cri-du-chat syndrome)
57
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & ____________ results in chromosomes forming a cross pattern during meiotic pairing
Inversion & translocation
58
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ can result in the formation of a chromosome with a dicentric bridge
Inversion
59
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ usually caused by modifications to the telomere of the chromosome
Translocation
60
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causes homologous chromosomes to form a loop during meiotic pairing
Inversion

Biology (64 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions